Sažetak
Uvod/Cilj. Mišići orofacijalne regije imaju veliki uticaj na razvoj zubnih nizova i formiranje okluzije. Poznato je da je nepravilna funkcija mišića jedan od značajnih etioloških faktora u nastanku malokluzija. Takođe, potvrđena je uzajamna povezanost poremećaja funkcije orofacijalnih mišića i poremećaja okluzije, kao i korelacija između bioelektrične aktivnosti mastikatornih mišića, registrovane elektromiografskom metodom, i ispoljene sile zagrižaja pri maksimalnoj voljnoj kontrakciji ovih mišića. Cilj studije bio je analiza bioelektrične aktivnosti temporalnog i maseteričnog mišića. Metode. Uzorak je činilo 100 osoba oba pola, podeljenih u kontrolnu grupu (n = 30) sa neutrookluzijom i potpunim zubnim nizom, i ispitivanu grupu (n = 70) sa distookluzijom. Kod svih ispitanika sprovedeno je elektromiografsko merenje bioelektričnog potencijala za ispitivane mišiće u položaju fiziološkog mirovanja, centralne okluzije mandibule, i pri maksimalnoj voljnoj kontrakciji mišića i gutanju pljuvačke, kod klase I i II/2 okluzalnih odnosa po Anglu, i to pre lečenja, nakon jedne godine ortodontskog lečenja i po završetku lečenja sa aktivatorom. Rezultati. Poređenjem vrednosti biolektričnog potenicijala pre lečenja utvrđena je smanjena aktivnost u sva tri položaja praćenih mišića u ispitivanoj grupi u odnosu na kontrolnu. Nakon prve godine ortodontskog tretmana utvrđeno je povišenje bioelektrične aktivnosti oba mišića. Po završetku tretmana aktivatorom, bioelektrična aktivnost oba mišića u ispitivanoj grupi bila je viša u odnosu na vrednosti pre tretmana, što dokazuje pozitivan, veoma značajan koeficijent korelacije. Zaključak. U sve tri merene pozicije, pri različitim položajima mandibule kod strmog zagrižaja, bioelektrična aktivnost je bila najmanja na početku terapije i povećavala se tokom prve godine lečenja, da bi se na kraju terapije delimično smanjila na vrednosti približne vrednostima normalne okluzije. Istraživanja elektromiografske aktivnosti mastikatornih mišića imaju smisla u svakodnevnoj kliničkoj praksi, kod izrazitih skeletnih diskrepanci pre, u toku i nakon ortodontske terapije, ukoliko na osnovu njih možemo vrednovati rezultate lečenja, ali i odrediti početak i dužinu trajanja retencionog perioda i vrstu retencionog aparata.
Ključne reči
||elektromiografija
masticatory muscles||
||mišići
mastikatorni
malocclusion
angle class I||
||malokluzija
klase I
angle class II||
klase II
activator appliances||
||ortodontski aparati
treatment outcome||
||lečenje
ishod
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