RAZVOJ KAZNENOG SISTEMA U KRIVIČNOM PRAVU SRBIJE - Jakšić, Dušan; Davidović, Dragomir (Specijalna edukacija i rehabilitacija, 2013)
Kontinuirani razvoj kaznenog sistema u Srbiji ogleda se u bitnim promenama rešavanja krivičnog zakonodavstva. Najvažniji pravni spomenik srednjevekovne Srbije , Dušanov zakonik”, karakterisale su surove smrtne i telesne kazne, preuzete iz vizantijskog prava. Za vreme turske vladavine prestaje upotreba Dušanovog zakonika, a početkom Prvog srpskog ustanka započinje se sa donošenjem pojedinačnih pravnih propisa. Kazneni zakonik za Kneževinu Srbiju iz 1860. godine, uvodi kao novinu postojanje glavne i sporedne kazne, među kojima je bitno napomenuti nekoliko vrsta lišavanja slobode. Krivični zakonik Kraljevine Jugoslavije usvojen 1929. godine, predvideo je i druge vrste sankcija osim kazne. Glavno obeležje Krivičnog zakonika Kraljevine Jugoslavije je trajno ukidanje telesnih kazni. Novo državno uređenje nakon Drugog svetskog rata, usvojilo je nove krivične zakonike i nove oblike kažnjavanja, koji će od Novela 1959.godine pa sve do raspada SFRJ biti nepromenjene. Savremeno krivično zakonodavstvo Republike Srbije odlikuje se ukidanjem smrtne kazne, kazne konfiskovanja imovine i uvođenje novih kazni, koje treba da posluže kao alternativne, umesto kraćih kazni lišenja slobode. Tendencije u evropskim kaznenim sistemima su upravo učestale primene alternativnih kazni, iz mnogobrojnih kriminalno-političkih razloga. Ključne reči: kazne , krivični zakonik, kaznena politika THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE PENAL SYSTEM IN SERBIAN CRIMINAL LAW The continuous development of the penal system in Serbia is reflected in significant changes within the criminal legislative solutions. The most important legal document of the medieval Serbia, “Dušan’s Code” was characterized by harsh corporal and death punishments taken from the Byzantine law. During the Ottoman period “Dušan’s Code” was no longer in use, and with the beginning of the First Serbian Uprising, began the adoption of the individual legislations. The Criminal Code of the Principality of Serbia adopted in 1860. , introduced a novelty of major and minor penalties, including, most importantly, several types of detention. The Criminal Code of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia was adopted in 1929. and had predicted different types of sanctions other than fines. The main feature of the Criminal Code of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia was the permanent abolition of the corporal punishment. After the Second World War, the newly formed government had adopted new criminal codes and new forms of punishment, which remained unchanged from the Novel in 1959 up until the dissolution of the SFRY. Contemporary criminal legislation of the Republic of Serbia is characterized by the abolition of the death penalty, seizure of property and the introduction of the new penalties, which should, instead of the short prison sentences, serve as an alternative. The tendencies in the European penal systems are reflected in a frequent use of alternative penalties due to a number of crimie policy reasons. Key words: penalties, criminal code, penal policy