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Sažetak
Uvod/Cilj: Statističke metode imaju ključnu ulogu u planiranju, analizi i interpretaciji rezultata medicinskih istraživanja. Zbog kompleksnosti neuroloških oboljenja i heterogenosti ispitivanih populacija, pravilna primena statističkih metoda u neurologiji je od posebnog značaja za donošenje pouzdanih kliničkih zaključaka. Cilj ovog rada je da se izvrši evaluacija primene statističkih metoda u opservacionim studijama iz oblasti neurologije, sa posebnim osvrtom na učestalost korišćenja različitih statističkih tehnika, adekvatnost njihove primene i način tumačenja rezultata.
Materijali i metode: Sprovedena je pretraga literature u bibliografskoj bazi MEDLINE/PubMed za period do 1. decembra 2024. godine korišćenjem termina „neurology“ uz limiter „observational study“. Nakon primene kriterijuma za uključivanje i isključivanje iz studije, metodom slučajnog izbora analizirano je 95 opservacionih studija publikovanih između 2013. i 2024. godine. Dva istraživača su nezavisno ekstrahovala podatke korišćenjem unapred pripremljenog obrasca.
Rezultati: Retrospektivni dizajn je imalo 53,7% studija, dok je 46,3% bilo prospektivno. Etičko odobrenje je navedeno u 78,9% radova. Procena normalnosti raspodele podataka je prikazana u 29,5% studija. Najčešće korišćeni statistički testovi su bili hi-kvadratni test (46,3%), T-test (36,8%), Fišerov test (36,8%) i Man-Vitnijev test (33,7%). Regresiona analiza je primenjena u 33,7% studija. Planiranje veličine uzorka je bilo jasno navedeno u samo 10,5% radova. Primena T-testa je bila statistički značajno učestalija u studijama koje su prethodno prikazale procenu normalnosti raspodele podataka (p < 0,001).
Zaključak: Rezultati pokazuju da se statističke metode u opservacionim neurološkim studijama uglavnom primenjuju adekvatno i u skladu sa karakteristikama podataka. Ipak, postoji potreba za češćom proverom statističkih pretpostavki i preciznijim planiranjem veličine uzorka radi unapređenja kvaliteta i pouzdanosti budućih istraživanja.
Ključne reči
veličina uzorka
T-test
hi-kvadratni test
regresiona analiza
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