Sažetak
U ovom radu su analizirani učestalost i intenzitet napada A. flavus i A. niger na 180 uzoraka zrna ječma, 1138 kukuruza, 283 soje, 89 suncokreta i 79 pšenice, brojnost leptira kukuruzovog plamenca (Ostrinia nubilalis), kao i njihova interakcija u zavisnosti od meteoroloških uslova u periodu 2008-2012. U agroekološkim uslovima u Srbiji vrsta A . niger je učestalija od vrste A. flavus, a u zavisnosti od biljne vrste pojavljuje se najčešće na zrnu suncokreta, zatim soje, kukuruza, ječma i pšenice. A. flavus je izuzetno bila dominantna na svim biljnim vrstama u 2012, kako po učestalosti, tako i intenzitetu napada. Ova vrsta je u 2012. godini utvrđena kod svih uzoraka soje (100%), nešto manje na zrnu kukuruza (95,3%), zatim na ječmu (65,2%) i suncokretu (57,1%) i najmanje na zrnu pšenice (45,8%). Intenzitet napada A. flavus je, također, bila veća u 2012. u poređenju sa prethodnim godinama. Neuobičajeno visoka učestalost i intenzitet napada A. flavus na zrnu kukuruza u 2012. godini bila je uslovljena izuzetno stresnim agrometeorološkim uslovima, visokim temperaturama i sušom, od cvetanja do voštane zrelosti kukuruza. Kišni faktor (Kf = suma padavina / prosečna mesečna temperatura) ukazuje da je te godine bila izuzetno aridna klima u junu (Kf = 0,57), julu (Kf = 1,45), avgustu (Kf = 0,15) i septembru (Kf = 1,42). Kukuruzov plamenac je drugi činilac koji je uslovio intenzivnu pojavu A. flavus na zrnu kukuruza u 2012. godini. Maksimalni let leptira ovog insekta utvrđen je veoma rano, posebno let druge generacije, već u julu 2012. (5.149 jediniki), a kao posledica toga u vreme berbe su utvrđena i brojna oštećenja na kojima je bio vidljiv razvoj maslinasto-zelenih praškastih kolonija koje su tipične za A. flavus. U hronologji pojave A. flavus ovo su prvi podaci o njenoj jako visokoj učestalosti i intenzitetu napada u agroekološkim uslovima u Srbiji. Intenzivna pojava A. flavus je bila retka u proteklih 50 godina zbog čega je bio i nizak nivo aflatoksina u zrnu kukuruzu.
Ključne reči
||Uslovi spoljašnje sredine
Ostrinia nubilalis||
||Ostrinia nubilalis
A. niger||
||A. niger
Aspergillus flavus||
||Aspergillus flavus
Soybean||
||Soja
Sunfflower||
||Suncokret
Cereals||
||Žita
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