General Practice
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description: Osnivač, vlasnik i izdavač časopisa Opšta medicina je Sekcija Opšte medicine Srpskog lekarskog društva. Časopis je posvećen radovima iz oblasti opšte medicine i drugih medicinskih disciplina koje su od interesa za opštu medicinu-porodičnu medicinu. Osnovan je 1995. godine, pod rednim brojem 1942 i upisan u Registar sredstava javnog informisanja rešenjem Ministarstva za informacije Republike Srbije broj-632-498/95-03 od 04.05.1995. godine Ministarstvo za nauku i tehnologiju Republike Srbije 12.06.1996. godine u Beogradu, objavljuje da je časopis Opšta medicina publikacija od posebnog interesa za nauku (Broj 413-00-338/96-01). Glavni i odgovorni urednik počev od prvog broja 1995. do 3-4 broja 2006. godine bio je naučni savetnik prim. dr sc Dane Žigić. Prim dr Dejan Konstantinović je bio glavni urednik od broja 1-2 2007 godine do broja 1-2 2008 godine. Prim dr sc. Suzana Stanković glavni je i odgovorni urednik počev od broja 3-4 2008. godine, zaključno sa 1-2 2021. godine. Nakon toga, glavni i odgovorni urednik je Dr sc. med Marina Fišeković Kremić. Časopis je izlazio u štampanom obliku do broja 1-2 2016. godine. Počev od broja 3-4 2016. godine časopis Opšta medicina se objavljuje samo u elektronskoj formi, dva puta godišnje. Od juna 2017. godine indeksiran je u DOAJ.
publisher: Srpsko lekarsko društvo - Sekcija opšte medicine, Beograd
language: en
publication name: General Practice
issn: 0354-7132
copyright: Autori zadržavaju autorska prava nad objavljenim člancima, a izdavaču daju neekskluzivno pravo da članak objavi, da u slučaju daljeg korišćenja članka bude naveden kao njegov prvi izdavač, kao i da distribuira članak u svim oblicima i medijima.
items: Motivation for Continuous Medical Education of Health Workers and Sustainability of the Health System
items: Clinical Management and Quality of Life in a Patient with Takayasu Arteritis: A Case Report
items: Differental diagnosis of painless lymphadenopathy: challenges in everyday clinical practice with case report and literature overview
items: The digital era and communication competencies of healthcare professionals
items: Comparative analysis of the journal General Medicine and regional scientific publications: Bibliometric indicators, publication trends, and impact factors (1995–2024)
items: The importance of microalbuminuria screening in persons with hypertension and with or without diabetes
items: Characteristics of patients with suspected COVID-19 infection and the outcome of a visit to a Covid-outpatient clinic
items: The case of monkeypox in Serbia in 2022 - case report and literature review
items: Early detection of osteoporosis in a general practitioner’s office
items: Use of antibiotic therapy for recurrent urinary tract infections caused by Escherichia coli
items: Incidence of PCT (plateletcrit) decrease in COVID-19 positive patients – diagnostic and epidemiologic value
items: Use of antibiotics and antivirals in the treatment of COVID-19 patients in the COVID outpatient clinic of Primary Healthcare Center Golubac
items: Post-covid syndrome – current challenge in the work of the general practitioner
items: Qualitative assessment of individuals at a family health center: avoidance/refusal of COVID-19 vaccination
items: Motherhood and breastfeeding after brest carcinoma
items: General principals of emergency poisoning treatment in the general practice office – challanges and obstacles
items: Importance of ultrasonography in follow-up of multiple breast fibroadenomas
items: Determinators of clinical outcomes in patients with chronic arthritis and systemic connective tissue disorders: COVID-19 pandemic focus
items: Analysis of Patients’ Satisfaction With the Work of Family Medicine Teams at the Primary Healthcare Center in Banja Luka
items: Identification of drug-related problems during pharmaceutical care services - introduction to the Geriatric Department at the Universit
items: Pleural empyema as a complication of COVID 19 pneumonia in a patient with destroyed lung syndrome
items: Medical terminology in new age Serbia: over 150 years of existence
items: Nutritional habits in children – research on health-related habits in schoolchildren in the Republic of Serbia in 2017
items: Characteristics of COVID-19 infection in Primary Healthcare in Belgrade, Serbia and influence of socio-demographic features of the participants on vaccination status
items: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia
items: Healthcare workers` motivation in preventive activities
items: Risk assessment for type 2 diabetes mellitus in the municipality of Golubac
items: Duration of the phone call in wrong connection to 194 operator
items: Ocena efekta Kovida-19 na društvene i dnevne aktivnosti porodičnih lekara u Kajzeriju u Turskoj
items: Diabetic nephropathy: clinical presentation, course, and novel treatment possibilities

Motivation for Continuous Medical Education of Health Workers and Sustainability of the Health System
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description: Introduction. Continuous Medical Education (CME) represents a cornerstone of professional development for healthcare workers. It enables the ongoing enhancement of knowledge and skills while ensuring alignment with the latest scientific research and technological advancements. Modern approaches to CME emphasize the design of programs that are compatible with the evolving needs of health professionals and responsive to the health demands of the population. Objective. We aimed to examine the level of satisfaction and motivation among health workers in participating in CME programs, to identify their principal shortcomings, and to analyze their impact on professional development as well as on the sustainability of the health system. Method. First, we defined the basic concepts related to CME in Serbia, including its organization, accreditation, and the process of program validation. We then conducted an empirical cross-sectional study to assess the satisfaction and motivation of health workers in Primary Healthcare Center Krusevac and General Hospital Krusevac regarding their participation in CME programs. Results. Our research revealed a predominance of female respondents (85.7%), who also demonstrated greater willingness to participate in the survey. In terms of age distribution, the 40–49 age group was most represented (41.6%). The most common length of work experience was between 10 and 20 years (42.9%), indicating that the sample consisted of participants with substantial professional experience. The majority of respondents were nurses/technicians (62.3%), while physicians accounted for 23.4%. Conclusion. Continuous Medical Education (CME) is a key factor in the professional development of health workers and in enhancing the overall quality of healthcare. Our findings highlight the need for further improvement and for strengthening motivation to participate in CME programs. Ongoing advancement in this area is essential to ensure the sustainability of the health sy…
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creator: Tijana Smiljkovic
creator: Jelena Ivkovic
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Tijana Smiljkovic, Jelena Ivković
date: 2026-04-13
publication date: 2026-04-13
starting page: 1
ending page: 16
doi: 10.5937/opmed0-62880

Clinical Management and Quality of Life in a Patient with Takayasu Arteritis: A Case Report
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description: Introduction: Takayasu arteritis is a chronic, immune-mediated vasculitis affecting large blood vessels. It is reported worldwide, with an annual incidence ranging from 0.3 to 3.4 cases per million people. The disease predominantly affects young women, with the mean age at diagnosis being approximately 33 years. Early recognition and timely diagnosis exert a favorable influence on disease progression, therapeutic outcomes, and overall quality of life. Case Report. The patient presented is a woman with Takayasu arteritis, which she has been suffering from for the past four years. The diagnosis was established based on medical history, clinical examination, laboratory analyses, echography, MSCT, and PET/CT. To assess work capacity as well as physical and mental status, the SF-36 questionnaire was used. The patient has been regularly monitored and is currently in remission from the disease. Results of the SF-36 questionnaire indicate minor physical complaints, while the greatest impact of the disease is observed in the domains of psychological health and social relationships. Family relations remain intact, and the patient is employed, working a four-day workweek. The only factor positively influencing the course of the disease and the patient’s quality of life is disease remission. Conclusion. Takayasu arteritis is a progressive disease with a significant impact on daily functioning. In patients diagnosed at a younger age, remission is more frequently achieved, which—alongside the prevention of complications—represents the most important factor in attaining a good quality of life. Therefore, efforts should be directed toward reducing the time required for establishing the diagnosis and achieving remission in patients who have already been diagnosed.
subject: Case Report
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creator: Slađana Todorović
creator: Dušan Miljković
creator: Miloslav Jovanović
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Slađana Todorović, Dušan Miljković, Miloslav Jovanović
date: 2026-04-13
publication date: 2026-04-13
starting page: 17
ending page: 24
doi: 10.5937/opmed0-61565

Differental diagnosis of painless lymphadenopathy: challenges in everyday clinical practice with case report and literature overview
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description: Introduction. Lymphadenopathy is defined as an abnormal finding during a physical examination, indicating that the lymph nodes are abnormal in size, consistency, and number. A thorough personal history and detailed physical examination allow the physician to formulate an appropriate diagnostic strategy. It is important to approach differential diagnoses with caution, as there is a wide range of potential causes and often nonspecific clinical presentations. Painless lymphadenopathy, in particular, presents a significant clinical challenge, especially in primary healthcare settings. Case report 1. A 54-year-old female patient presented with a lump that she had noticed in her left groin. A detailed physical examination revealed a painless lump measuring 25 mm in diameter. An ultrasound of the groin showed an enlarged lymph node with peripheral vascularization. A biopsy of the lymph node confirmed the presence of metastatic cervical carcinoma. A PET-CT scan indicated a solitary lump along the upper uterine margin, along with liver metastases. The oncology team recommended three weeks of chemotherapy. The patient has since undergone six cycles of chemotherapy. Case report 2. A 76-year-old male patient presented with a lump in his right armpit that had been present for several months, but he reported no other symptoms. A physical examination revealed a lump the size of an apple located under the right armpit, which was painless to the touch. A biopsy confirmed that it was a metastatic melanoma. An abdominal ultrasound showed the presence of liver metastases. A dermatological examination revealed a suspicious skin tumor in the lumbar area, measuring 1 cm in diameter, also highly suggestive of melanoma. After excising the lesion, the pathological findings confirmed the diagnosis. Conclusion. Painless lymphadenopathy is a common finding that presents diagnostic challenges, with a broad range of causes that can vary from benign to malignant. Timely recognition and appropriate…
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creator: Marija Marković
creator: Ana Miljković
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Marija Marković, Ana Miljković
date: 2025-10-06
publication date: 2025-10-06
doi: 10.5937/opmed31-60838

The digital era and communication competencies of healthcare professionals
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description: Introduction: Communication skills are the cornerstone of effective general practice, influencing the quality of diagnosis, therapy, and the establishment of trust with patients. The rapid development of digital technologies in recent years has transformed the way information is exchanged within healthcare systems, creating new opportunities while raising challenges in maintaining empathy, ethical standards, and continuity of communication. Aim: To present modern approaches and challenges in communication between physicians and patients in the digital era, with a focus on the use of artificial intelligence, virtual reality, and other technological solutions to enhance healthcare professionals’ communication skills. Methods: This study is a narrative literature review. Searches were conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar for the period January 2018 – July 2025, using the keywords: communication skills, digital health, artificial intelligence, virtual reality, telemedicine, patient–doctor communication. The analysis included publications in Serbian and English, as well as the author’s personal experience in clinical practice and teaching. Results: Communication skills are essential for high-quality medical practice [1–3]. Digital technologies such as artificial intelligence, telemedicine, VR, and AR offer new possibilities but also pose challenges related to ethics, empathy, and data protection [4–9]. ChatGPT can facilitate the transfer of complex information to patients, while immersive technologies improve healthcare professionals’ training [7,8,10–12]. Live streaming accelerates communication in emergency situations but requires clear and precise information exchange [5,6]. Conclusion: Technological advancements can improve physician–patient communication, but only when applied with preserved empathy, adherence to ethical principles, and continuous professional development of healthcare workers.
subject: Original article
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creator: Ana Miljković
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Ana Miljković
date: 2025-10-09
publication date: 2025-10-09
doi: 10.5937/opmed31-60837

Comparative analysis of the journal General Medicine and regional scientific publications: Bibliometric indicators, publication trends, and impact factors (1995–2024)
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description: <!-- [if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:OfficeDocumentSettings> <o:AllowPNG/> </o:OfficeDocumentSettings> </xml><![endif]--><!-- [if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves/> <w:TrackFormatting/> <w:DoNotShowComments/> <w:PunctuationKerning/> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:DoNotPromoteQF/> <w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther> <w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables/> <w:SnapToGridInCell/> <w:WrapTextWithPunct/> <w:UseAsianBreakRules/> <w:DontGrowAutofit/> <w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/> <w:EnableOpenTypeKerning/> <w:DontFlipMirrorIndents/> <w:OverrideTableStyleHps/> </w:Compatibility> <m:mathPr> <m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/> <m:brkBin m:val="before"/> <m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/> <m:smallFrac m:val="off"/> <m:dispDef/> <m:lMargin m:val="0"/> <m:rMargin m:val="0"/> <m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/> <m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/> <m:intLim m:val="subSup"/> <m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/> </m:mathPr></w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!-- [if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="false" DefSemiHidden="false" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99" LatentStyleCount="371"> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed=…
subject: Original article
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creator: Ana Miljković
creator: Milena Kostić
creator: Suzana Stanković
creator: Mirjana Lapčević
creator: Darinka Punoševac
creator: Dragana Trifunović Balanović
creator: Matilda Vojnović
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Ana Miljković, Milena Kostić, Suzana Stanković, Mirjana Lapčević, Darinka Punoševac, Dragana Trifunović Balanović, Matilda Vojnović
date: 2025-10-07
publication date: 2025-10-07
doi: 10.5937/opmed31-58535

The importance of microalbuminuria screening in persons with hypertension and with or without diabetes
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description: Introduction. Albumin is a protein produced in the liver, playing a crucial role in maintaining osmotic pressure and transporting molecules. Microalbuminuria, which is the presence of small amounts of albumin in urine, often depicts the damage to kidney function as well as the risk of developing cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Objective. We aimed to establish the prevalence of microalbuminuria in patients with hypertension and diabetes, and to estimate the prevalence in the difference between these groups and the control group. Method. The study encompassed 139 patients, separated into the exposed group (patients with hypertension and diabetes) and the control group. Microalbuminuria testing was performed using qualitative test strips. These strips detect albumin in urine. For statistical analysis, we used Chisquare - χ2 test to evaluate the difference between the groups. Results. The prevalence of microalbuminuria in the exposed group was 33,09%. Statistically significant difference in the prevalence of microalbuminuria between the exposed and the control group was confirmed with p-values below 0,05. There were no significant differences in distribution according to gender and age. Conclusion. Microalbuminuria was registered in significant percentages in patients with hypertension and diabetes, which necessitates the need for regular screening in order to timely detect changes in kidney function and calculate the risk of cardiovascular diseases.
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creator: Saška Severović
creator: Gordana Bojić
creator: Dragan Đorđević
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Saška Severović, Gordana Bojić, Dragan Đorđević
date: 2025-10-06
publication date: 2025-10-06
doi: 10.5937/opmed31-58027

Characteristics of patients with suspected COVID-19 infection and the outcome of a visit to a Covid-outpatient clinic
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description: <!-- [if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:OfficeDocumentSettings> <o:RelyOnVML/> <o:AllowPNG/> </o:OfficeDocumentSettings> </xml><![endif]--><!-- [if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves/> <w:TrackFormatting/> <w:DoNotShowComments/> <w:PunctuationKerning/> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:DoNotPromoteQF/> <w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther> <w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables/> <w:SnapToGridInCell/> <w:WrapTextWithPunct/> <w:UseAsianBreakRules/> <w:DontGrowAutofit/> <w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/> <w:EnableOpenTypeKerning/> <w:DontFlipMirrorIndents/> <w:OverrideTableStyleHps/> </w:Compatibility> <m:mathPr> <m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/> <m:brkBin m:val="before"/> <m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/> <m:smallFrac m:val="off"/> <m:dispDef/> <m:lMargin m:val="0"/> <m:rMargin m:val="0"/> <m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/> <m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/> <m:intLim m:val="subSup"/> <m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/> </m:mathPr></w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!-- [if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="false" DefSemiHidden="false" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99" LatentStyleCount="371"> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true" …
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creator: Miloranka Petrov Kiurski
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Miloranka Petrov Kiurski
date: 2025-05-02
publication date: 2025-05-02
starting page: 12
ending page: 21
doi: 10.5937/opmed0-56495

The case of monkeypox in Serbia in 2022 - case report and literature review
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description: Introduction. The Monkeypox virus (MPXV, also known as Mpox) is part of the Orthopoxvirus family, which includes some of the largest and most complex viruses studied in virology. Case report. A 28-year-old male patient was examined in a general practitioner’s office. During the examination, skin lesions were found, including a panaritium on the small phalanx of his left hand and two maculopapular lesions at the dorsal root of the penis. The physical examination indicated a viral infection, prompting the ordering of viral serology tests. The patient was advised to use symptomatic therapy, including analgesics, antipyretics, anti-inflammatory medications, and vitamins. For the skin lesions, he was instructed to apply 70% alcohol, 3% hydrogen peroxide, and 10% povidone-iodine, as well as antiviral creams. The panaritium was drained, and local antibiotics were used. General symptoms resolved five days after starting therapy, and the skin lesions fully epithelized within 22 days from the onset. Conclusion. General practitioners should continuously improve their skills to recognize less common pathologies, particularly those that are newly emerging. Satisfaction comes from the ability to identify diseases and alleviate symptoms through dedicated knowledge, effort, and commitment. This is achieved by familiarizing oneself with the pathophysiology and clinical presentation of the relevant conditions.
subject: Original article
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creator: Božidar P Pocevski
creator: Marija Pocevski
creator: Predrag Pocevski
creator: Eleonora М Gvozdenović
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Božidar P Pocevski, Marija Pocevski, Predrag Pocevski, Eleonora Gvozdenović
date: 2025-05-18
publication date: 2025-05-18
starting page: 22
ending page: 31
doi: 10.5937/opmed0-56117

Early detection of osteoporosis in a general practitioner’s office
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description: Introduction. Certain risk factors play a significant role in the development of osteoporosis, the early recognition of which can affect the appearance, course and outcome of the disease. Objective. To examine the possibilities and importance of early detection of patients at increased risk for developing osteoporosis in a GP's office. Method. The research was conducted in an outpatient clinic of the Health Center in Lazarevac, in the period September-December 2016. Data on risk factors for osteoporosis, obtained during a visit to a GP and using medical records, were collected. Subjects with one or more risk factors were referred for bone mineral density (BMD) measurement using DEXA, and according to the BMD and risk factors findings to a rheumatologist. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and statistical hypothesis testing methods, analyzed using SPSS 20. Results. 58 postmenopausal women over 45 years old, average age 65.62 years, participated in the research. The most prevalent risk factors were: early menopause (32.8%), cigarette smoking (31.0%) and the presence of a chronic disease (25.9%). 51.7% had 1 or 2 risk factors, 22.4% 3 or more risk factors. 72.4% of the subjects were referred for DEXA, 35.7% were diagnosed with osteoporosis and treatment was started. Conclusion. In a general practitioner's office, people at increased risk for osteoporosis can be detected in a simple way, by examining the risk factors for its occurrence. Further health intervention ensures prevention, timely diagnosis and treatment of this disease.
subject: Original article
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creator: Milena Kostić
creator: Olga Radosavljević
creator: Maja Vučković
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Milena Kostić, Olga Radosavljević, Maja Vučković
date: 2025-05-02
publication date: 2025-05-02
starting page: 1
ending page: 11
doi: 10.5937/opmed0-51897

Use of antibiotic therapy for recurrent urinary tract infections caused by Escherichia coli
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description: Introduction: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common infections and a leading reason for antibiotic prescriptions. They are more common in women, particularly during menopause. The cost of treating urinary tract infections significantly impacts the health system and affects the quality of life, especially when the infections are recurrent. Reinfections account for 80% of recurrent infections, with the primary cause usually being the colon bacterial flora, with Escherichia coli as the dominant culprit. Case report. A 63-year-old female patient visited her GP with complaints of low-grade fever and frequent urination without dysuria. She was diagnosed with cystitis and was prescribed a seven-day course of antibiotics, which effectively resolved her urinary tract infection symptoms. Due to frequent urinary tract infections, she was subsequently placed on a prophylactic six-month course of nitrofurantoin, 50 mg. The patient remained symptom-free during the antibiotic prophylaxis. Conclusion. Many protocols have been shown to reduce the occurrence of urinary tract infections. Antibiotic treatment based on the antibiogram, as well as antibiotic prophylaxis (continuous and post-coital), has proven to be the most effective method for preventing recurrent cystitis. The choice of treatment method and approach depends on the frequency and severity of symptoms.
subject: Case Report
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creator: Tanja Stefanović
creator: Eva Stojkovic
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Tanja Stefanović, Eva Stojković
date: 2024-07-29
publication date: 2024-07-29
starting page: 137
ending page: 143
doi: 10.5937/opmed0-50226

Incidence of PCT (plateletcrit) decrease in COVID-19 positive patients – diagnostic and epidemiologic value
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creator: Dalibor Jevtić
creator: Slavoljub Janković
creator: Danijela Marković
creator: Milena Jevtić
creator: Milan Đorđević
creator: Aleksa Janković
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Dalibor Jevtić, Slavoljub Janković, Danijela Marković, Milena Jevtić, Milan Đorđević, Aleksa Janković
date: 2024-08-01
publication date: 2024-08-01
starting page: 120
ending page: 136
doi: 10.5937/opmed0-47424

Use of antibiotics and antivirals in the treatment of COVID-19 patients in the COVID outpatient clinic of Primary Healthcare Center Golubac
type: item
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subject: Original article
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creator: Boban Trifunović
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Boban Trifunović
date: 2024-06-06
publication date: 2024-06-06
starting page: 110
ending page: 119
doi: 10.5937/opmed0-44125

Post-covid syndrome – current challenge in the work of the general practitioner
type: item
description: Introduction. Post-COVID syndrome is characterized by a wide range of clinical symptoms that persist for more than three months after the initial SARS-CoV-2 infection. Objective. Our objective was to confirm and explore the long-term effects of post-COVID syndrome, the prevalence of individual symptoms, and the factors that may influence their occurrence. Method. In our study, we conducted a cross-sectional analysis on patients who had previously been infected with SARS-CoV-2. Participants were requested to complete the questionnaire during the latter part of 2023. The data was examined using descriptive statistics, the Kruskal-Wallis test, and the Bonferroni test for multiple pair comparisons using SPSS 26. A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results. Out of a total of 90 participants, 15.6% did not experience post-COVID symptoms. However, 24.4% experienced symptoms that persisted for longer than six months. The most common symptoms reported were rapid fatigue (60%), chronic fatigue (53.3%), and difficulty concentrating (45.6%). There was a significant difference in the occurrence of tachycardia, sweating, and constipation among different age groups (p<0.05). Additionally, the presence of cough, chest pain, constipation, and sexual disorders showed significant differences in relation to body mass index, (p<0.05). Furthermore, significant differences in the occurrence of nightmares, headaches, anxiety, abdominal pain, and diarrhea were noticed in relation to cigarette smoking status (p<0.05). Lastly, in relation to comorbidities, there was a statistically significant difference in the occurrence of hair loss (p<0.05). Conclusion. A holistic approach is necessary in treating a patient with post-COVID. Therefore, the role of the general practitioner (GP) is crucial. Keywords: SARS-CoV-
subject: Original article
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creator: Irena Pušica
creator: Ana Lončar
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Irena Pušica, Ana Lončar
date: 2024-10-21
publication date: 2024-10-21
starting page: 67
ending page: 85
doi: 10.5937/opmed0-52731

Qualitative assessment of individuals at a family health center: avoidance/refusal of COVID-19 vaccination
type: item
description: Background. The avoidance or refusal of vaccines is a significant public health problem during the COVID-19 pandemic. This article focuses on vaccine avoidance and refusal among patients at a Family Health Center (FHC). We will attempt to identify and describe the factors that contribute to avoidance and refusal so that new strategies can be developed. Methods. This study was conducted between December 2021 and August 2022. Eight individuals were interviewed with a semi-structured form. The study cite was Turgut Reis FHC Kayseri/Turkey. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the qualitative data. Results. The study identified three main themes and 16 sub-themes based on verbatim notes. The main themes were the level of knowledge regarding COVID-19 and individual and non-individual factors causing COVID-19 vaccine avoidance/refusal. Some of the sub-themes included the reality of the disease, protective measures, concerns about the content and production process of the vaccine, the interaction between chronic disease and COVID-19, and the positive or negative effects of religion and national identity on vaccination. The study demonstrated that concerns about vaccine safety, efficacy, and production, as well as individual preferences, media influence, and mandatory regulations of health care management were the most influential factors in vaccine avoidance/refusal. Conclusions. The sudden onset of COVID-19 resulted in a delayed response from society and health authorities. This delay may be due to distrust of the disease, reluctance to adopt preventive measures, and uncertainty about treatment options. While advanced technology exists, limited public information about the vaccine’s effectiveness and production processes could be contributing to this reaction.
subject: Original article
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creator: Ertan SiL
creator: Mümtaz Mazıcıoğlu
creator: Nilüfer Nahya
creator: Ethem Bilgici
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Ertan SiL, Mümtaz Mazıcıoğlu, Nilüfer Nahya, Ethem Bilgici
date: 2024-09-24
publication date: 2024-09-24
starting page: 86
ending page: 109
doi: 10.5937/opmed0-48831

Motherhood and breastfeeding after brest carcinoma
type: item
description: Introduction. Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer in women. The most reliable method to diagnose breast cancer is through mammography, combined with ultrasonography or magnetic resonance imaging. The treatment plan may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, targeted therapy, or immunotherapy. Case report. The following is a case report of a 46-yearold woman who visited a physician in 2007 when she was planning her second pregnancy. She was 30 years old at the time. During a routine breast self-examination, she noticed a lump and was sent for an ultrasound examination where the tumor was confirmed. After diagnosis and preoperative preparation, she underwent breast-preserving surgery of the left breast, along with axilla dissection due to positive lymph nodes. Pathohistologic findings confirmed Carcinoma mixtus praecipue ductale G2 et partim mucinosum G2, while no metastatic changes were found in the axillary lymph nodes. The tumor’s hormonal status was estrogen 1, progesterone 1, and HER2 2. The patient received six rounds of FAC chemotherapy followed by 16 rounds of trastuzumab. After starting on tamoxifen and using it until December 2009, she had to undergo the removal of her right ovary due to the discovery of numerous cysts. Several cysts were also found on the left ovary. Five years after her breast cancer surgery, the patient became pregnant and gave birth to a baby girl. She breastfed her for ten months from the breast that was not operated on. Conclusion. Breast cancer is a serious illness that can greatly affect the reproductive health of young women. It is essential to take into account the patient’s desire to have children after treatment. Therefore, it is crucial to provide appropriate therapy and counseling.
subject: Case Report
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creator: Dragana Valent
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Dragana Valent
date: 2024-04-25
publication date: 2024-04-25
starting page: 60
ending page: 66
doi: 10.5937/opmed0-47545

General principals of emergency poisoning treatment in the general practice office – challanges and obstacles
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description: Introduction. Timely recognition of acute or chronic poisoning, as well as the pharmacodynamic mechanisms and pathophysiology of poisoning, is of the utmost importance in the general practice office. Objective. We aimed to find out the rate of awareness and education of primary healthcare physicians on necessary measures in the case of poisoning treatment. Method. Physicans working in general practice in the Republic of Serbia were sent an electronic questionnaire ’’Urgent poisoning treatment in the general practice office’’. The questionnaire had 13 questions referring to the physician’s practical experience. Results. The rise of medication, product, and biological substance poisoning rate was registered at the primary healthcare level in the last five years and it went from 0,14 to 0,21. Poisoning with non-medical substances is on the steep decline, from 0,30 to 0,19 per 1000 inhabitants. We followed the experience of general physicians (GPs) from outpatient clinics, concerning the cases of acute and chronic poisoning, by examining the questionnaire which showed 71,43% of GPs met with this condition. Physicans were more likely to be met with accidental poisoning (41,07%), while (21,43%) were met with multiple intentional poisonings. A larger percentage of these cases (44,65%) were treated on-site. About the existence of the National Poisoning Control Center knew 53,57% of physicans and 58,93% were familiar with detoxication measures. Additional expertise in the area of poisoning is necessary in the opinion of 75% of physicians. Discussion. Poison intake, in different ways, into a body, may cause a patient’s death if not recognized on time, at the initial encounter in the general physician’s office. Conclusion. Awareness and education of the GPs in the outpatient clinics, as well as, readiness to learn additional skills proved to be an important factor in taking care of poisoned patients who call on their GPs first. Continuous education is a necessary measure for t…
subject: Original article
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creator: Marija ž Lazarevic
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Marija ž Lazarevic
date: 2024-02-26
publication date: 2024-02-26
starting page: 41
ending page: 50
doi: 10.5937/opmed0-44272

Importance of ultrasonography in follow-up of multiple breast fibroadenomas
type: item
description: Introduction: Regular ultrasonographic check-ups help in early detection and follow-up of different diseases. Ultrasonography (US) is of the utmost diagnostic importance for mammographically „dense breasts“, where glandular tissue is predominant, while in so-called „fat breasts“ it is less reliable. It is used to determine the solid or cystic nature of a lesion, often tissue characterization, and the Doppler technique could reveal vascularization characteristics of the mass. Fibroadenomas are the most common benign breast tumors in women of all ages until menopause, with the highest incidence between 15 and 25 years of age. The US detects distinctly circumscribed, rarely round or lobular, hypoechoic masses with smooth and flat contours, uniform echoes with posterior augmentation, and marginal echo fading. Case report: We presented a female patient aged 21, who had multiple lesions in both breasts (25 lesions in total). Ultrasonographic exams were performed multiple times, in the last 5 years, and magnetic resonance (NMR) was done twice. Histopathologic verification diagnosed fibroadenomas. The biggest masses were surgically removed four times in this patient. What are the next steps? Are surgical interventions needed again, and if not how should she be followed up in the future? Is the implant insertion eligible for the sake of esthetic correction? Conclusion: Ultrasonography is a very significant and important method of follow-up of breast lesions. Mammography and magnetic resonance are used as complementary methods. According to a radiologist’s expert opinions on breast diseases, ultrasonographic exams every six months and NMR may indicate the need for surgical intervention, especially if new
subject: Case Report
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creator: Snežana Stojanović Ristić
creator: Branka Toljić
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Snežana Stojanović Ristić, Branka Toljić
date: 2024-02-08
publication date: 2024-02-08
starting page: 51
ending page: 59
doi: 10.5937/opmed0-45716

Determinators of clinical outcomes in patients with chronic arthritis and systemic connective tissue disorders: COVID-19 pandemic focus
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description: Introduction. Early diagnosis and treatment improve clinical outcomes, especially in chronic arthritis (CA) and systemic connective tissue disorders (SCTD). Thanks to clinical research from the 1990s on and innovative drugs, 55 million life-years have been saved. The COVID-19 pandemic brought on medical challenges in rheumathology. Objective. The study objective was to research early diagnosis, time of the introduction of innovative therapy, participation in clinical research, influence of gender, age, and corticosteroid treatment on hospitalization rate due to COVID- 19 infection in CA and SCTD patients. Method. In November 2022 we performed the crosssectional study in CA and/or SCTD patients using an online questionnaire. The first part of the analyzed questions referred to sociodemographic characteristics and data concerning rheumatic disease - rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and other rheumatic diseases. The second part referred to COVID-19. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and Pearson’s Chi-square test using SPSS 29. Results. Out of the total of 176 participants, RA was present in 60,8%. The time from the symptom onset to diagnosis was longer than two years. RA was more frequently diagnosed in the first six months (p < 0,05 - males). The innovative therapy was used by 59,7% of the participants. The majority of RA patients got innovative therapy after five years from disease onset, which is later than in other CAs (p < 0,05 - females). There were 23,3% of the participants who took part in clinical research, more those with RA (p < 0,05 - females). Corticosteroid therapy influenced a higher rate of hospitalization during COVID-19 infection (p < 0,05 - females). Conclusion. Males suffering from RA were diagnosed sooner, while females with RA participated more in clinical research but were later introduced to innovative therapy. The use of glucocorticoid therapy in the treatment of CA and SCTD increased the risk of hospitalization due to COVID-19 infection.
subject: Original article
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creator: Irena Pušica
creator: Mirjana Lapćević
creator: Stojanka Ratković
creator: Marina Manić
creator: Mirjana Arapović
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Irena Pušica, Mirjana Lapćević, Stojanka Ratković, Marina Manić, Mirjana Arapović
date: 2024-02-08
publication date: 2024-02-08
starting page: 29
ending page: 40
doi: 10.5937/opmed0-45923

Analysis of Patients’ Satisfaction With the Work of Family Medicine Teams at the Primary Healthcare Center in Banja Luka
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description: Introduction: The primary healthcare reform in Bosnia and Herzegovina began in 1999. The focus was on the introduction of family medicine, in comparison to the existing dispensary model of care based on the practice of general medicine. The reform is an ongoing process, and all changes are being implemented to improve patients’ satisfaction. Our objective is to analyze patients’ satisfaction and the impact of socio-demographic factors on patients’ satisfaction with the work of family medicine teams. Methods: This research is an observational and descriptive study conducted in family medicine clinics of the Primary Healthcare Centre in Banja Luka from February 1st to April 1st 2022. The data was gathered using the EUROPEP questionnaire which is a standardized instrument for the evaluation of patients’ satisfaction with primary healthcare, as well as a questionnaire with socio-demographic information. The study comprised 250 patients from family medicine clinics in the city, suburbs, and countryside. Results: The analysis of 250 questionnaires has provided answers to 23 questions in the EUROPEP instrument assessing four domains: doctor-patient relation X̅ (4.22) SD (0.85); medical care X̅ (4.32) SD (0.90); information and support X̅ (4.04) SD (0.94); and organization of services X̅ (3.81) SD (0.98). Socio-demographic and other patient characteristics greatly impact family medicine patients’ satisfaction with healthcare services. Conclusions: In general, the patients are satisfied with the care provided by the family medicine teams of the Primary Healthcare Centre in Banja Luka, and least satisfied with the organization of services. According to individual questions in the EUROPEP questionnaire, the patients are most unsatisfied with reaching their doctors by phone, receiving advice from them, spending a lot of time waiting in the waiting rooms, and scheduling their appointments.
subject: Original article
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creator: Dragan Milojević
creator: Kosana Stanetić
creator: Suzana Savić
creator: Verica Petrović
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Dragan Milojević, Kosana Stanetić, Suzana Savić, Verica Petrović
date: 2024-02-08
publication date: 2024-02-08
starting page: 1
ending page: 14
doi: 10.5937/opmed0-43622

Identification of drug-related problems during pharmaceutical care services - introduction to the Geriatric Department at the Universit
type: item
description: <!-- [if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:OfficeDocumentSettings> <o:AllowPNG/> </o:OfficeDocumentSettings> </xml><![endif]--><!-- [if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves/> <w:TrackFormatting/> <w:PunctuationKerning/> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:DoNotPromoteQF/> <w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther> <w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables/> <w:SnapToGridInCell/> <w:WrapTextWithPunct/> <w:UseAsianBreakRules/> <w:DontGrowAutofit/> <w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/> <w:EnableOpenTypeKerning/> <w:DontFlipMirrorIndents/> <w:OverrideTableStyleHps/> </w:Compatibility> <m:mathPr> <m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/> <m:brkBin m:val="before"/> <m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/> <m:smallFrac m:val="off"/> <m:dispDef/> <m:lMargin m:val="0"/> <m:rMargin m:val="0"/> <m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/> <m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/> <m:intLim m:val="subSup"/> <m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/> </m:mathPr></w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!-- [if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="false" DefSemiHidden="false" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99" LatentStyleCount="371"> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" N…
subject: Original article
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creator: Ivana Baralić Knezevic
creator: Branka Arsenovic
creator: Katarina Stefanovic
creator: Dragana Trifunovic-Balanovic
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Ivana Baralić, Branka Arsenovic, Katarina Stefanovic, Dragana Trifunovic-Balanovic
date: 2024-04-23
publication date: 2024-04-23
starting page: 15
ending page: 28
doi: 10.5937/opmed0-48159

Pleural empyema as a complication of COVID 19 pneumonia in a patient with destroyed lung syndrome
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description: Introduction. Destroyed lung syndrome is a severe destruction of the pleural parenchyma due to lung infection, mostly caused by tuberculosis. Besides tuberculosis, necrotizing pneumonia may also lead to this disease complication. Pleural empyema is a frequent consequence of the destroyed lung syndrome. Pleural empyema may occur during the COVID- 19 infection and is negatively correlated with a favorable disease outcome. Case report. A male 50 y/o showed up during the oncall shift during the winter COVID-19 wave with a medical report from the Internal medicine clinic. His personal history is significant for his pneumonectomy in 2016. In the past two months, he had been treated for pneumonia and COVID-19 infection with antibiotics and corticosteroid therapy. Due to prolonged malaise and tachycardia his GP referred him to yet another chest X-ray and lab work. The chest X-ray showed pleural effusion, so he was promptly referred to an on-call hospital. The on-call physician, after looking into the hospital reports, consulted an internal medicine doctor and it was decided to refer the patient to a thoracic surgeon. He was hospitalized for pleural empyema and treated with thoracic drainage using the system of active aspiration. A year later, he feels well, and he regained his appetite, and body mass, with occasional leaking from the thoracic fistule. Conclusion. This case report shows a recurrence of pleural empyema in a patient with pneumonectomy due to necrotizing pneumonia and destroyed lung syndrome, complicated by COVID-19 infection. We aimed to draw the atention of GPs to diseases and disease complications that are rarely met in GP practice and are not otherwise treated on the primary healthcare level.
subject: Case Report
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creator: Marija Glavinic Mijic
creator: Slobodanka Popović
creator: Anamaria Simić Milovanović
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Marija Glavinic Mijic, Slobodanka Popović, Anamaria Simić Milovanović
date: 2023-10-04
publication date: 2023-10-04
starting page: 57
ending page: 65
doi: 10.5937/opmed29-43372

Medical terminology in new age Serbia: over 150 years of existence
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description: The marking of the anniversary in 2022 was of great importance for medical terminology in Serbia. After the first, short-lived institutionalization in the Društvo srpske slovesnosti in 1842 this topic became part of the work assignments and activities of an institution, for the second time. This time it was for the Serbian Medical Society (SMS) right after its foundation in 1872. Every randomness in this area was disabled by very clear and precise attitudes established by the first Constitution of SMS. In this area of our medical science, besides founders and first members of SMS, the special place belongs to physicians Jovan Stejic, Milan Jovanovic- Batut, Radivoje Pavlovic, Aleksandar Kostic, Aleksandar Belic, and others. Nowadays, medical terminology is no longer a part of the Constitution of the SMS. It is not yet clear how this happened, nor who, if any, other institution, has taken this huge obligation and responsibility for the development, improvement, and maintenance of medical terminology in the Serbian language. Its creation needs the cooperation of professionals from different walks of education, first of all, physicians and experts in the Serbian language, because it is a matter of foundation, almost identity values. It is necessary to make proper terms and interpret them precisely. The absence of this inevitably leads, not only to a standstill, but collapsing of the already achieved that would instead of enriching only impoverish the Serbian language.
subject: Original article
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creator: Ankica
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Dr Ankica Jelenković
date: 2023-10-04
publication date: 2023-10-04
starting page: 66
ending page: 77
doi: 10.5937/opmed29-43450

Nutritional habits in children – research on health-related habits in schoolchildren in the Republic of Serbia in 2017
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description: Introduction. Childhood nutritional habits may have a tremendous influence on long-term health. Nutritional habits developed during childhood may turn into a lifetime habit. Missed meals, skipping breakfast, and increased intake of sweets are related to overweight and obesity. Aim. We aimed to research nutritional habits in schoolchildren in Serbia. Method. We used the data from the research “Healthrelated habits in schoolchildren in Serbia in 2017”. We used the standardized international protocol of the World Health Organization for data gathering. We polled 3.933 participants, aged 11, 13, and 15. Results. The habit of having breakfast, on shooldays days, shows statistically significant difference around regions, for ages 11 (p = 0,001) and 13 (p = 0,000). At the age of 11 (p = 0,046), the majority of children have breakfast on weekends in Belgrade (92,7%). When fruit consumption is concerned, the regions statistically significantly differ for the age 11 (p = 0,006). The greatest consumption of fruit is found in the region of Vojvodina (37,4%). In Belgrade, 5% of children never eat vegetables. At the age of 15, there is a statistically significant difference (p = 0,046) in vegetable consumption. Most vegetables are consumed in South and East Serbia (25,5%), and Sumadija and West Serbia (27,4%). There is a statistically significant difference (p=0,016), at the age of eleven, in sweets consumption, among regions. There are the least children who never consumed sweets (1,8%) in Vojvodina. Conclusion. Based on analyzed data, we concluded that children aged eleven, thirteen, and fifteen, in the Republic of Serbia, don`t eat quite healthy. The results may be useful for the promotion of health-educational programs, which, in turn, may lead to behavioral changes.
subject: Original article
  topic: section
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creator: Slavica Đorđević
creator: Snežana Knežević
creator: Verica Jovanović
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Snežana Knežević
date: 2023-10-04
publication date: 2023-10-04
starting page: 41
ending page: 56
doi: 10.5937/opmed29-41415

Characteristics of COVID-19 infection in Primary Healthcare in Belgrade, Serbia and influence of socio-demographic features of the participants on vaccination status
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subject: Original article
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creator: Marina Fisekovic Kremic
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Marina Fisekovic Kremic
date: 2023-10-04
publication date: 2023-10-04
starting page: 33
ending page: 40
doi: 10.5937/opmed29-41126

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia
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description: Introduction. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a heterogeneous disease distinguished by clonal replication and piling of immature lymphoid cells in the bone marrow and lymph organs. The etiology is unknown but radiation and some chemical exposure, as well as genetics, might play a role. The disease onset is abrupt. Clinical presentation is characterized by a variety of general symptoms: fatigue, malaise, night sweats, weight loss, fever. The diagnosis is based on a patient`s history, physical examination, blood tests, bone marrow biopsy, cytogenetic, and immunohistochemical tests. Core treatments are poly-chemotherapy, radiation therapy, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Case report. We presented a 20-year-old patient. On his first visit, he complained of neck pain. He was treated by a physiotherapist. After he finished with physical therapy we noticed pancytopenia in his lab work. His general practitioner (GP) referred him to a hematologist where further medical examinations were performed and ALL diagnosis was made. The treatment started with a chemotherapy regimen. An allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation was performed afterward. In the follow-up, regular haematologic assessments were done, as well as, the assessment of MRD (Minimal Residual Disease). Complete morphologic remission was maintained the whole time but with positive MRD findings. He received an antiCD22 monoclonal antibody therapy and the therapeutic response was good. Eight months later B-ALL relapse was confirmed. The patient`s general condition got worse and in spite of an intensive therapy the patient died. Conclusion. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia is a disease whose outcome depends on many a factor. Due to atypical symptoms, it should be taken into consideration to shorten the time to diagnosis, provide timely treatment and thus influence the disease outcome.
subject: Case Report
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creator: Branka Toljić
creator: Snezana Stojanovic-Ristic
rights: Copyright (c)
date: 2023-04-24
publication date: 2023-04-24
starting page: 27
ending page: 32
doi: 10.5937/opmed29-43121

Healthcare workers` motivation in preventive activities
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description: Introduction. Successful implementation of all activities, especially in the area of preventive medicine, healthcare institutions may accomplish only if their employees are highly motivated and properly rewarded for their work. The best motivational system should be designed so the employees get the rewards that matter to them. That is why research into the motives and needs of employees appears as a necessary prerequisite for the effectiveness of motivation. Objective. We aimed at examining the most important motivational factors for preventive activities in healthcare workers. Method. The research was conducted, as a case study, in the Primary Healthcare Center (PHC), Golubac from December 2019 to December 2020. We analyzed the results of the preventive activities of healthcare workers from the PHC Golubac during project activities in 2020 and compared them to the results from 2018. Employees` attitudes towards motivational factors were analyzed based on the conducted individual interviews and surveys. Results. The results of preventive actions in 2020, through project activities, were significantly better than those in 2018. The diabetes screening response was 42%, the realization of blood pressure measuring in diabetic patients was 58%, and HbA1c was measured in 34% of diabetics in 2020. In 2018 screening realization was 15%, blood pressure was measured in 50% of diabetics, and HbA1C in 10%. The most important motivational factors for healthcare workers were the importance of preventive activities for the people`s health, the participation of the manager as the project leader, the equipment gained during the project that will improve their work, clearly defined goals, and personal responsibility for the project`s success. Conclusion. The motivation of healthcare workers is of great importance for the successful implementation of preventive activities. Our research provides information for healthcare managers on ways to improve their employees` motivation. Keywor…
subject: Original article
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creator: Boban Trifunović
creator: Marina Fišeković Kremić
rights: Copyright (c)
date: 2023-04-24
publication date: 2023-04-24
starting page: 7
ending page: 18
doi: 10.5937/opmed29-41837

Risk assessment for type 2 diabetes mellitus in the municipality of Golubac
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description: Introduction. There are approximately 17.000 new cases of diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2) in Serbia each year. A third of the newly diagnosed already has some late disease complications and almost half of them are over 65. Objective. We aimed at determining the level and risk factors for DM2 in respondents of different gender, age, and lifestyle in the Municipality of Golubac. Method. The study was conducted using the DM2 questionnaire. The sample had 404 participants who were screened in the Municipality of Golubac. Significant statistical methods were used in the study: frequency, t-test, ANOVA test, and correlation analysis. Results. The study showed the majority of participants (40.1%) had slightly elevated risk for DM2, high risk was found in 14.9%, and very high risk in 3.2%. Moderate risk was found in 27.5% of the participants and 14.4% had low risk. Women had a higher percentage of high and very high risk for DM2 than men but no statistically significant difference was found between men and women concerning the risk of developing the disease. With age, as well as obesity, the risk for DM2 increases. The participants who practiced regular physical activity, as well as those who regularly consumed fruits and vegetables, had a lower risk for DM2. Conclusion. The study showed almost every fifth participant had a high or very high risk for DM2, 81.7% were overweight, and 75% had previously diagnosed cardiovascular problems. Registration of persons with an elevated risk for DM2 and further follow-up is a very important task for GPs (general practitioners). Keywords: diabetes, screening, risk factors, obesity
subject: Original article
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creator: Boban Trifunović
creator: Marina Fišeković Kremić
rights: Copyright (c)
date: 2023-05-10
publication date: 2023-05-10
starting page: 19
ending page: 26
doi: 10.5937/opmed29-42064

Duration of the phone call in wrong connection to 194 operator
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description: Introduction. Time is an essential category in the Emergency Department. The phone call duration, with the person who`s calling, should be optimal in order to make sound decisions. If the phone call is due to a wrong number it should be made as shorter as possible. Objective: We aimed to show how long the conversations with the caller lasted, for calls that were qualified as having the wrong connection. Method. We used the electronic phone call database (194/94) for 2009. The data were put in a spreadsheet (Excel table) where they were sorted and researched. Out of the total of 739.742 calls we singled out 93.393, which makes 12.62%, and they were classified as the wrong connection. Due to the great variability in the upper scale of the values we cut the base for 5% of the shortest and longest calls. After the database cut 84.053 calls remained. The phone call duration was measured from the moment the receiver was picked up to the moment the line was disconnected. Results. Analyzing 84.053 wrong connections we came up with these results: minimal phone call duration was 6 seconds and maximal 194 seconds, with mean value of 30.28 seconds. Discussion. The number of wrong connections is huge in Emergency Departments all around the world (fire brigades, police, medical emergency) but there are no valid data on the time spent on those calls. Conclusion. Phone calls with wrong connection last too long. Therefore, operators and callers should be well educated.
subject: Original article
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creator: Slavoljub
rights: Copyright (c)
date: 2023-04-17
publication date: 2023-04-17
starting page: 1
ending page: 6
doi: 10.5937/opmed29-39662

Ocena efekta Kovida-19 na društvene i dnevne aktivnosti porodičnih lekara u Kajzeriju u Turskoj
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description: Cilj. Naš cilj je bio da utvrdimo efekte koje je bolest izazvana Kovidom-19 imala na svakodnevni život i rad porodičnih lekara. Metode. Tragali smo za porodičnim lekarima (PL) koji su imali Kovid-19 tako što smo se raspitali u Lekarskoj komori, Udruženju izabranih lekara u Kajzeriju i kod lokalnih zdravstvenih vlasti. Vreme naše studije pokriva period prve godine Kovid-19 pandemije u Turskoj (11. mart 2020–11. mart 2021). Deskriptivne karakteristike, koje smo ispitivali, bile su: sprovođenje preventivnih mera, lokacije ambulanti porodične medicine, način prenošenja Kovida-19, simptomi koje su iskusili, opšte zdravstveno stanje PL i dodatni detalji o izolaciji, dijagnozi i hospitalnim procedurama. Rezultati. Ukupno 85 PL (18,2% svih PL u regionu Kajzeri) je imalo Kovid-19 u prvih 12 meseci Kovid-19 pandemije u Kajzeriju, Turska. Porodični lekari koji su dali pristanak da učestvuju u našoj studiji čine 60,8% PL u Kajzeriju. Pranje ruku, držanje distance, upotreba zaštitnih maski, često provetravanje prostorija su bile najčešće korišćene mere ( >75%). Više od 2/3 PL se pridržavalo zaštitnih mera. Najčešći simptomi koje su imali PL su bili bolovi u mišićima i zglobovima, slabost i groznica (više od 1/5 PL, i to ovim redosledom: 35,4%, 30,4%, 29,1%). Mesta zaražavanja su uglavnom bile ambulante porodične medicine. Zaključak. Oko 1/6 PL se zarazila Kovidom-19. Skoro svi su radili u urbanim sredinama. Srednje vreme ostanka u bolnici je bilo 7,7 dana i u više od 50% su registrovani simptomi povišene temperature i kašlja. Zaražavanje je najčešće bilo na radnom mestu i najčešća briga PL je bila kako da zaštite svoje porodice.
subject: Original article
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creator: Ahmet Afşin
rights: Copyright (c) 2022 Ahmet Afşin
date: 2022-08-20
publication date: 2022-08-20
starting page: 62
ending page: 74
doi: 10.5937/opmed28-37414

Diabetic nephropathy: clinical presentation, course, and novel treatment possibilities
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description: Diabetic kidney disease (DBD) is one of the major complications of diabetes (DM) and the leading cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) worldwide. About 10% of patients with DBD progress to terminal HBB, and the rest die mostly due to cardiovascular disorders and infection even before they need treatment for kidney replacement. The main strategies to prevent the development and alleviate the progression of DBB in recent decades have been intensive glycemic control and blockade of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. However, this approach did not achieve optimal results. Taking into account the increase in patients with DBB, high spending from the health care budget and the development of new therapeutic possibilities with significant kidney protection, the International Society of Nephrology issued in 2020. (Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Guideline) is the first guide to treating patients with DBB. This review paper aims to point out phenotypic variability and present recent advances in the treatment of DBB
subject: Original article
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creator: Visnja D Lezaic
rights: Copyright (c) 2022 Visnja D Lezaic
date: 2022-06-14
publication date: 2022-06-14
starting page: 47
ending page: 61
doi: 10.5937/opmed29-36873