Arhiv za farmaciju objavljuje revijalne radove, originalne naučne radove, stručne radove, kratka saopštenja, pisma uredništvu i izveštaje iz različitih oblasti farmaceutskih nauka. Da li su predloženi radovi pogodni za objavljivanje biće procenjeno na osnovu naučnog ili stručnog doprinosa u odgovarajućoj oblasti farmacije. Učestalost objavljivanja časopisa je šest puta godišnje I radovi koji se u njemu objavljuju su referencirani u SCIndex i EMBASE bazama. Arhiv za farmaciju primenjuje postupak anonimnog recenziranja. Svaki rukopis recenziraju bar dva recenzenta koji su eksperti u odgovarajućim oblastima farmacije. Autori bi trebalo da daju predlog najmanje dva potencijalna recenzenta prilikom prilaganja rada. Svi radovi se pre recenzije šalju na proveru na plagijarizma. Rukopisi se upućuju na recenziju tek nakon inicijalne ocene da li odgovaraju formalno i tematski časopisu. Posebna pažnja se posvećuje tome da inicijalna ocena recenzenata traje 15-20 dana, dok je prosečno vreme objavljivanja 2 meseca od trenutka aplikovanja rada. Časopis ima besplatan pristup, mada je objavljivanje radova besplatno.
Savez farmaceutskih udruženja Srbije i Univerzitet u Beogradu - Farmaceutski fakultet
Autori koji objavljuju u ovom časopisu pristaju na sledeće uslove: Autori zadržavaju autorska prava i pružaju časopisu pravo prvog objavljivanja rada i licenciraju ga "Creative Commons Attribution licencom" koja omogućava drugima da dele rad, uz uslov navođenja autorstva i izvornog objavljivanja u ovom časopisu. Autori mogu izraditi zasebne, ugovorne aranžmane za neekskluzivnu distribuciju članka objavljenog u časopisu (npr. postavljanje u institucionalni repozitorijum ili objavljivanje u knjizi), uz navođenje da je članak izvorno objavljen u ovom časopisu. Autorima je dozvoljeno i podstiču se da postave objavljeni članak onlajn (npr. u institucionalni repozitorijum ili na svoju internet stranicu) pre ili tokom postupka prijave rukopisa, s obzirom da takav postupak može voditi produktivnoj razmeni ideja i ranijoj i većoj citiranosti objavljenog članka (Vidi Efekti otvorenog pristupa).
Čvrsti farmaceutski oblici sa kombinacijom fiksnih doza lekovitih supstanci: terapijski značaj i pregled formulacionih strategija
Lekovi sa kombinacijom fiksnih doza (engl. Fixed-Dose Combination, FDC proizvodi) sadrže najmanje dve lekovite supstance u jednom farmaceutskom obliku. Monolitni, višeslojni i višečestični sistemi su najčešći tipovi čvrstih farmaceutskih oblika (tableta i kapsula) u kojima se formulišu FDC proizvodi. Od tehnologija koje se koriste u proizvodnji najčešće se koristi pristup aktivne filmske obloge i oblaganje kompresijom, a sve veća pažnja se poklanja 3D štampanju FDC proizvoda. Veoma je važan pravilan odabir formulacione strategije za razvoj ovih lekova kako bi se njihovi nedostaci sveli na minimum. Iz kliničke perspektive, ovi lekovi nude bolju efikasnost, bezbednost i podnošljivost u lečenju oboljenja i stanja poput hipertenzije, dijabetesa tipa 2 i tuberkuloze, u terapiji bola, raznih infekcija, hormonskih poremećaja i kontracepcije. Iz perspektive pacijenta, nude praktičnost i pojednostavljenje terapije kroz smanjenje broja potrebnih tableta i/ili kapsula, posebno kod pacijenata koji su na politerapiji zbog kompleksnih stanja i/ili komorbiditeta, što rezultira povećanim stepenom adherence kod pacijenata, a samim tim i poboljšanjem uspešnosti terapije i kvaliteta života pacijenata.
Sva prava zadržana (c) 2026 Arhiv za farmaciju
Optimizacija pripreme uzoraka i evaluacija analitičkih performansi model polarnog jedinjenja u tabletama sa kontrolisanim oslobađanjem na bazi hidroksipropil metilceluloze
Tablete sa kontrolisanim oslobađanjem na bazi hidroksipropil-metilceluloze (HPMC) pružaju brojne terapijske prednosti, ali istovremeno predstavljaju značajan analitički izazov pri određivanju sadržaja polarnih aktivnih supstanci, usled izražene sposobnosti polimera da bubri i formira gel. Cilj ove studije je razvoj i evaluacija robustnog dvostepenog postupka pripreme uzorka koji omogućava potpunu ekstrakciju i tačno određivanje sadržaja polarne model supstance baznih osobina koja je inkorporirana u HPMC matriks. Različiti rastvarači i tehnike mešanja sistematski su upoređeni radi identifikacije uslova koji obezbeđuju kompletnu ekstrakciju analita. Optimizovani postupak obuhvata inicijalnu ekstrakciju acetonitrilom u trajanju od 15 minuta u ultrazvučnom kupatilu, nakon čega sledi hidratacija vodom u trajanju od 45 minuta uz mešanje na magnetnoj mešalici, pre analize u uslovima jon-par reverzno-fazne HPLC metode. Acetonitril efikasno narušava strukturu HPMC mreže, sprečava zarobljavanje analita u gelu i omogućava kvantitativni prinos (100 ± 0,5%) uz izuzetnu ponovljivost (RSD < 1%). Razvijena analitička metoda pokazuje linearnost (R² = 0,9997), tačnost (99,6%), preciznost (RSD ≤ 0,5%), kao i zadovoljavajuću robustnost i stabilnost rastvora, u skladu sa zahtevima smernice ICH Q2 (R2). Predloženi dvostepeni postupak ekstrakcije pripremom smeše acetonitril-voda predstavlja pouzdanu strategiju za određivanje sadržaja polarnih aktivnih supstanci u HPMC tabletama sa kontrolisanim oslobađanjem i može poslužiti kao metodološki okvir validacija specifičnih za određeno jedinjenje.
In silico ispitivanje antibakterijskog i antivirusnog potencijala derivata nusbiarilina
Antimikrobna rezistencija i hronične virusne infekcije predstavljaju značajne izazove u savremenoj medicini. U ovoj in silico studiji ispitivan je dualni inhibitorni potencijal 16 dizajniranih derivata nusbiarilina prema dva klinički relevantna enzimska cilja: RNK polimerazi bakterije Escherichia coli (E. coli) (RNAP) i RNK-zavisnoj RNK polimerazi virusa hepatitisa C (HCV RNAP). Semifleksibilno molekulsko doking ispitivanje sprovedeno je korišćenjem softvera AutoDock Vina. Šest jedinjenja – 5, 6, 7, 8, 15 i 16 – pokazala su najpovoljniji dualni inhibitorni potencijal, formirajući ključne vodonične veze sa Ser642 E. coli RNAP i sa Tyr477 i Arg422 HCV RNAP, uz značajne hidrofobne interakcije. Prisustvo cijano ili nitrozo grupa kao akceptora vodoničnih veza, kao i sulfonil ili sulfoksidnih grupa koje doprinose π-S interakcijama, identifikovano je kao ključna strukturna determinanta afiniteta vezivanja za oba ciljna mesta. Ovi rezultati podržavaju dalje eksperimentalno ispitivanje derivata nusbiarilina kao potencijalnih dualnih antibakterijskih i antivirusnih agenasa.
Polno-specifične povezanosti između serumskih nivoa hinolinske kiseline i težine bolesti kod relapsno-remitentne multiple skleroze: studija preseka
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Locked="false" Priority="31" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><!-- [if gte mso 10]> <![endif]--> Kinureninski put (KP) metabolizma triptofana proizvodi metabolite sa neuroprotektivnim i neurotoksičnim svojstvima i uključen je u patofiziologiju multiple skleroze (MS). Međutim, odnos između metabolita KP, težine bolesti i polnih razlika još uvek nije u potpunosti razjašnjen. Serumski nivoi hinolinske kiseline (QA) i kinurenske kiseline (KA) analizirani su kod pacijenata sa relapsno-remitentnom MS. Kompletni podaci za biomarkere bili su dostupni kod podgrupe od 40 od ukupno 78 uključenih pacijenata, pa su sve statističke analize sprovedene u toj podgrupi. Težina bolesti procenjena je pomoću skora težine multiple skleroze (Multiple Sclerosis Severity Score-MSSS), a pacijenti su podeljeni u grupe sa blagom do umerenom (MSSS < 6,7) i teškom formom bolesti. Koncentracije QA i KA u serumu određene su metodom enzimskog imunotesta (ELISA), a statistička analiza je sprovedena primenom dvofaktorske analize varijanse (ANOVA) sa Sidak post hoc testom. Nisu utvrđene značajne ukupne razlike u serumskim nivoima QA ili KA između muškaraca i žena. Nivoi KA nisu se razlikovali između MSSS kategorija. Uočene su više koncentracije QA u serumu kod pacijentkinja sa visokom težinom bolesti (MSSS > 6,7) u poređenju sa onima sa nižom težinom bolesti (p = 0,032); međutim, ovaj eksploratorni nalaz zasniva se na veoma maloj podgrupi pacijentkinja (n = 3). Takva povezanost nije uočena kod muških pacijenata. Ovi rezultati ukazuju na moguću polno povezanu asocijaciju između povišenih serumskih nivoa QA i veće težine bolesti kod pacijentkinja sa RRMS, što zahteva dalju potvrdu u studijama sa većim uzorkom.
Razvoj i validacija RP-HPLC metode za određivanje tiazotične kiseline i njegove nečistoće sa primjenom u kontroli tableta
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UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><!-- [if gte mso 10]> <![endif]--> U ovom radu prikazan je razvoj i validacija jednostavne i precizne RP-HPLC metode za određivanje sadržaja tiazotične kiseline i nečistoće 3-metil-1,2,4-triazol-5-tiona sa primjenom u kontroli tableta. Hromatografska analiza je izvedena korišćenjem Hypersil GOLD aQ C18 (150 x 4 mm) 3 µm kolone pod izokratskim uslovima eluiranja sa mobilnom fazom koju čine fosfatni pufer pH 3,3 i metanol u odnosu 99:1 (v/v), brzinom protoka od 1 mL/min i radnom temperaturom od 30 °C. Detekcija je vršena na 220 nm. Razvijena metoda validirana je prema ICH smernicama. Tokom validacije testirani su sledeći analitički parametri: specifičnost, linearnost, preciznost, tačnost, robusnost kao i LOQ za ispitivanu nečistoću. Metoda je linearna u opsegu koncentracija od 0,139 mg/mL do 0,238 mg/mL (r = 0,9992) za tiazotičnu kiselinu i od 0,091 µg/mL do 1,56 µg/mL (r = 0,9998) za ispitivanu nečistoću. Dokazana je dobra preciznost (RSD < 2% za tiazotičnu kiselinu tj. RSD < 10% za nečistoću), tačnost (Recovery u opseg 98–102% tj. od 70–130% za nečistoću) i robusnost metode. Ispitivana nečistoća 3-metil-1,2,4-triazol-5-tiona je detektovana u tabletama tiazotične kiseline, ali je njen sadržaj ispod limita kvantifikacije (LOQ) definisanog datom metodom (0,091 µg/mL).
Mikroglijalna disfunkcija i kognitivno oštećenje u animalnim modelima dijabetesa tipa 2: sistematski pregled koji povezuje dijabetes i ranu neurodegeneraciju
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Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Emphasis"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><!-- [if gte mso 10]> <![endif]--> Dijabetes tipa 2 (T2D) usko je povezan sa kognitivnim oštećenjem i povećanim rizikom od demencije. Smatra se da rane neuropatološke promene u T2D obuhvataju neuroinflamatorne procese, što ukazuje da funkcija mikroglije u dijabetičnom mozgu može biti narušena ili pomerena ka maladaptivno aktiviranom stanju. Rastući broj dokaza implicira disfunkciju mikroglije kao ključni mehanizam u osnovi kognitivnog oštećenja povezanog sa T2D. Promene u prostornom učenju, memoriji i izvršnim funkcijama prate funkcionalne i fenotipske alteracije mikroglijalnih ćelija, naročito unutar hipokampalnih i kortikalnih moždanih krugova. Istovremeno se javljaju rane neurodegenerativne promene, uključujući gubitak neurona, sinaptičke alteracije, akumulaciju Aβ i p-Tau, kao i transkriptomski potpis karakterističan za Alchajmerovu bolest (AD) u vulnerabilnim moždanim regionima. Starenjem mikroglija sve značajnije doprinosi neurodegeneraciji, jer njene regulatorne interakcije sa neuronima slabe, što pogoduje njenoj trajnoj aktivaciji. Ovaj mini sistematski pregled ima za cilj da sintetizuje aktuelne in vivo nalaze o odnosu između kognitivnog oštećenja i promena mikroglije u animalnim modelima T2D i da razgraniči osnovne patofiziološke mehanizme koji povezuju hronični metabolički stres, disfunkciju mikroglije i rane neurodegenerativne promene. Dodatno, nastoji da istakne kako ovi mehanistički putevi, koji obuhvataju signalizaciju mikroglije, inflamatorne medijatore i metaboličko reprogramiranje, mogu predstavljati obećavajuće terapijske targete za prevenciju ili ublažavanje neurodegeneracije povezane sa dijabetesom.
Znanje i stavovi farmaceuta o biološkim i biosličnim lekovima: pregled literature
Napredak u biološkim terapijama postao je ključan za lečenje i akutnih i hroničnih bolesti. Pored toga, sve veće prisustvo biosličnih lekova predstavlja značajne mogućnosti za smanjenje troškova zdravstvene zaštite i proširenje pristupa pacijenata osnovnim biološkim tretmanima. Farmaceuti, kao deo zdravstvenog sistema, igraju važnu ulogu u upotrebi ove grupe lekova. Svrha ovog pregleda literature je da se ispitaju postojeća istraživanja o znanju i stavovima farmaceuta prema originalnim biološkim lekovima i biosimilarima, kao i da se proceni potreba za daljim obrazovnim inicijativama u ovoj oblasti. Digitalna pretraga literature sprovedena je putem baza podataka časopisa, kao što su PubMed i Scopus, koristeći odabrane termine za pretragu i primenjujući kriterijume za uključivanje koji odgovaraju cilju istraživanja. Većina studija koje su predmet evaluacije sprovedene su u obliku kratkih anketa, što otkriva da je većina farmaceuta upoznata sa biološkim i biosličnim lekovima, međutim, njihovo izmereno znanje je bilo manje opsežno od njihovog samoprocenjenog znanja. Znanje i stavovi farmaceuta prema biološkim lekovima pokazuju velike varijacije. Nedovoljno kliničkog iskustva i potreba za dodatnom edukacijom identifikovani su kao preduslovi za veće uključivanje originalnih bioloških i biosličnih lekova u kliničku praksu.
Ispitivanje citotoksičnosti i sposobnosti uklanjanja ROS-a metanolnih ekstrakata Teucrium montanum L. u HaCaT ćelijama
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Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" 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UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><!-- [if gte mso 10]> <![endif]--> Teucrium montanum L. (TM) je višegodišnja vrsta iz porodice Lamiaceae, koja se tradicionalno koristi u narodnoj medicini zbog svojih raznovrsnih terapeutskih svojstava. Iako su prethodne studije ispitivale biološku aktivnost TM ekstrakata, njihovi efekti na ćelije kože nisu istraženi. U ovoj studiji su ispitani citotoksični i antioksidativni efekti dva metanolna ekstrakta T. montanum (TM1 i TM2), sa serpentinita i krečnjaka, u opsegu koncentracija od 12,5–400 µg/mL na ćelije humanih keratinocita (HaCaT). Oba ekstrakta su pokazala koncentraciono zavisan citotoksični efekat u MTT testu, bez uticaja na preživljavanje ćelija do koncentracije od 100 µg/mL. Pri višim koncentracijama (200 i 400 µg/mL), vijabilnost ćelija je značajno smanjena, pri čemu je TM1 pokazao veću citotoksičnost od TM2. Antioksidativni potencijal je procenjen H2DCFDA testom, koji je pokazao da nijedan ekstrakt nije promenio bazalne nivoe reaktivnih vrsta kiseonika (ROS), ali su više koncentracije ekstrakta povećale nivo ROS-a pod oksidativnim stresom izazvanim vodonik-peroksidom. Ovi rezultati ukazuju na to da ćelije tolerišu TM1 i TM2 u nižim koncentracijama, ali da više koncentracije mogu izazvati oksidativni stres i biti citotoksične. Rezultati ukazuju na važnost optimizacije doze pri potencijalnoj terapeutskoj ili kozmetičkoj primeni ekstrakata TM kao i na potrebu za daljom fitohemijskom karakterizacijom kako bi se identifikovali njihovi aktivni sastojci.
Placebo efekat u mentalnom zdravlju: psihološki, neurobiološki i etički aspekti
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UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><!-- [if gte mso 10]> <![endif]--> Placebo efekat je psihobiološki fenomen u kojem očekivanja pacijenta, prethodna iskustva i socijalni kontekst utiču na zdravstvene ishode, čak i kada tretman nema farmakološki aktivni sastojak. Ključni mehanizmi uključuju očekivanja, verbalnu sugestiju, klasično uslovljavanje i socijalno-kontekstualne faktore, podržane neurobiološkim procesima koji uključuju endogene opioide, dopamin i povezane moždane puteve. U mentalnom zdravlju i psihoterapiji placebo efekti su posebno značajni, jer odnos terapeut–pacijent, empatija i verovanje u tretman mogu značajno poboljšati ishode. Etički prihvatljive primene, poput otvorenog placeba i placeba za produženo doziranje, očuvavaju autonomiju pacijenta dok koriste očekivanja i učenje za unapređenje kliničkih rezultata. Prepoznavanje i integracija placebo mehanizama u kliničku praksu naglašava interakciju psiholoških, neurobioloških i etičkih faktora, pružajući holistički pristup lečenju i poboljšavajući terapijske rezultate kod stanja kao što su depresija, anksioznost i hronični bol.
Tehnike mikroinkapsulacije za kanabinoide: farmaceutski pristupi, tehnološki izazovi i perspektive formulacije
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UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><!-- [if gte mso 10]> <![endif]--> Mikroinkapsulacija predstavlja široko primenjivanu strategiju za zaštitu bioaktivnih jedinjenja njihovim inkapsuliranjem u polimerni ili lipidni omotač, što vodi ka poboljšanju njihove stabilnosti i omogućava kontrolisano oslobađanje. Poslednjih godina, rastuća primena kanabinoida u proizvodima podstakla je povećano interesovanje za mikroinkapsulaciju kao pristup za prevazilaženje izazova povezanih sa njihovom niskom rastvorljivošću u vodi, hemijskom nestabilnošću i ograničenom bioraspoloživošću. Cilj ovog preglednog rada je kritička analiza i evaluacija najčešće korišćenih tehnika mikroinkapsulacije u sistemima za isporuku kanabinoida. Sistematska pretraga literature sprovedena je u bazama podataka PubMed, SCOPUS, EBSCO i Embase, pri čemu je identifikovano oko 50 originalnih i preglednih naučnih radova. Strategija pretrage obuhvatala je kombinacije ključnih reči: cannabis AND microencapsulation methods, cannabinoids AND microencapsulation techniques, hempseed oil AND spray-drying OR coacervation technology, i cannabis industry AND microencapsulation. Rezultati ukazuju da najčešće ispitivane tehnike mikroinkapsulacije kanabinoida uključuju hlađenje raspršivanjem (engl. spray-chilling), očvršćavanje raspršivanjem (engl. spray-cooling), oblaganje u fluidizovanom sloju, lipozomsku inkapsulaciju, ekstruziju, liofilizaciju (engl. freeze-drying), koacervaciju i emulzifikaciju. Ove tehnike se razlikuju u pogledu efikasnosti inkapsulacije, skalabilnosti, raspodele veličine čestica i pogodnosti za specifične puteve primene. U celini, mikroinkapsulacija pokazuje značajan potencijal u unapređenju fizičko-hemijske stabilnosti kanabinoida, njihovoj zaštiti od degradacije izazvane spoljašnjim faktorima i omogućavanju kontrolisanog ili ciljanog oslobađanja. Zaključno, mikroinkapsulacija predstavlja obećavajuću i brzo razvijajuću strategiju u razvoju naprednih formulacija kanabinoida, nudeći inovativna rešenja za poboljšanu stabilnost, efikasniju isporuku i širu terapijsku primenu.
IN MEMORIAM prof. emeritus dr Danica Agbaba (1953–2024)
Sva prava zadržana (c) 2025 Arhiv za farmaciju
Istraživanje razmene sestrinskih hromatida izazvane gadobutrolom u limfocitima u G0 fazi i u cirkulišućim limfocitima
Gadobutrol (Gadovist®) je makrociklični, ekstracelularni kontrastni agens na bazi gadolinijuma koji se često koristi u magnetnoj rezonanci. Cilj ove studije je da se proceni genotoksični i citotoksični potencijal gadobutrola u limfocitima u G0 fazi i u cirkulišućim limfocitima. Za procenu genotoksičnosti korišćen je test razmene sestrinskih hromatida (SCE), koji je brza, osetljiva i pouzdana metoda za evaluaciju genotoksičnosti. Genotoksični efekti su procenjivani merenjem frekvencije SCE, dok je citotoksičnost određivana pomoću mitotskog indeksa (MI). Uzorci perifernе krvi od dva zdrava davaoca tretirani su in vitro sa tri različite koncentracije gadobutrola tokom 24 sata u limfocitima u G0 fazi i 72 sata u cirkulišućim limfocitima. Rezultati su pokazali da gadobutrol nije imao citotoksične efekte ni u jednom tipu ćelija. Međutim, pri najvišoj koncentraciji (25 mM), gadobutrol je značajno povećao formiranje SCE u cirkulišućim limfocitima (p < 0,05), dok kod limfocita u G0 fazi nije uočena značajna genotoksičnost (p > 0,05). Ovi nalazi ukazuju da gadobutrol, iako nije citotoksičan, može indukovati genotoksične efekte u zavisnosti od koncentracije u cirkulišućim limfocitima. Potrebna su dalja istraživanja kako bi se razjasnile kliničke implikacije ovih nalaza.
Etnofarmakološko istraživanje Otoglyphis pubescens (Desf.) Pomel na severoistoku alžirske Sahare
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SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><!-- [if gte mso 10]> <![endif]--> Fitoterapija je od ključnog značaja u alžirskoj Sahari, gde upotreba endemičnih biljaka kao što je Otoglyphis pubescens omogućava lečenje određenih zdravstvenih problema. Međutim, razlike u znanju i načinu primene ovih biljnih resursa mogu dovesti do toksičnosti i smanjene efikasnosti. Pripremljen je upitnik i sprovedeni intervjui sa travarima i opštom populacijom radi prikupljanja podataka u skladu sa postavljenim ciljevima. Izračunati su etnobotanički indeksi i izvršeno je poređenje između različitih podgrupa ispitanog stanovništva. Najčešće korišćena narodna imena za O. pubescens su: Gartoufa, Gritfa i Wazwaza. Ova biljka je endemična i samonikla. Najčešće se koriste čitavi nadzemni delovi biljke, osušeni u senci. Ova biljka se primenjuje u obliku čaja. Najčešće se pripremaju macerat i infuz. Biljka se uglavnom koristi zbog svojih terapijskih svojstava za lečenje problema vezanih za digestivni, genitourinarni i respiratorni sistem, kao i za snižavanje temperature. Ispitano stanovništvo je pokazalo visok nivo znanja na osnovu izračunatih indeksa, pri čemu se pokazalo da neki delovi populacije, kao što su oženjeni/udate, žene, osobe starije od 60 godina, slabije obrazovani i nezaposleni, češće upotrebljavaju ovu biljku. Primećene su varijacije u odgovorima ispitanih osoba i razlike u poređenju sa podacima iz literature, ali su zabeleženi slični obrasci odgovora između travara i opšte populacije.
Formulacija i karakterizacija vaginalnih kapsula i tableta sa brzim oslobađanjem živih sojeva Lactobacillus spp.
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U ovoj studiji razmatrana je formulacija i karakterizacija vaginalnih farmaceutskih oblika sa trenutnim oslobađanjem (IR) koji sadrže žive sojeve Lactobacillus spp, sa ciljem obezbeđivanja brze i efikasne vaginalne primene. Formulacije vaginalnih kapsula i vaginalnih tableta razvijene su korišćenjem različitih ekscipijenasa i postupaka izrade (kapsulacija i direktna kompresija), a zatim je izvršena njihova karakterizacija i procenjene performanse. Rezultati su pokazali da sve formulacije punjenja kapsula imaju odgovarajuću protočnost i ujednačenosti doziranog oblika, pri čemu su tvrde želatinske kapsule (HGC) imale povoljnije vreme raspadanja u poređenju sa kapsulama od hidroksipropil metilceluloze (HPMC) i pululana. Formulacije tableta na bazi mikrokristalne celuloze (MCC) imale su optimalnu čvrstinu, friabilnost i raspadljivost, posebno pri nižim silama kompresije, čime je potvrđena multifunkcionalnost MCC-a kao punioca, vezivnog sredstva i dezintegratora. Važno je istaći da su oba farmaceutska oblika obezbedila očuvanu vitalnost sojeva Lactobacillus uz minimalne gubitke (~0,5 log), kiselu vaginalnu sredinu (pH 4,2) i pokazala robusnost u simuliranim biorelevantnim uslovima. Ovi nalazi ukazuju na to da vaginalne kapsule i vaginalne tablete sa trenutnim oslobađanjem mogu biti pogodan oblik živih bioterapijskih proizvoda sa brzim početkom delovanja, čime se doprinosi napretku strategija zasnovanih na mikrobiomu u zaštiti zdravlja žena.
Primena proširenog termodinamičkog pristupa za opisivanje efekta katjona haotropnih agenasa i modifikatora jonske jačine na retenciono ponašanje protonovanih analita baznih osobina u haotropnoj hromatografiji
U ovom radu, primenjen je prošireni termodinamički pristup kako bi se kvantitativno objasnio efekat katjona haotropnih agenasa i modifikatora jonske jačine, u sistemima varijabilne (vI) i konstantne jonske jačine (cI) na retenciono ponašanje 23 potpuno protonovana analita baznih osobina. Sprovedeno je devet serija eksperimenata (pri tri pH vrednosti za NaPF6, KPF6 i NH4PF6) sa vI i devet serija eksperimenata (pri tri pH vrednosti za NaPF6, KPF6 i NH4PF6) sa jonskom jačinom koja je održavana konstantnom sa NaCl, KCl i NH4Cl. Eksperimentalno određeni retencioni faktori modelovani su primenom proširenog termodinamičkog pristupa i objašnjeni su procesi koji se odigravaju na stacionarnoj fazi i u mobilnoj fazi, kao i njihov uticaj na retenciju u ispitivanim sistemima haotropne hromatografije. Pokazalo se da je, i u vI i u cI sistemima, formiranje jonskih parova na stacionarnoj fazi dominantno u odnosu na formiranje jonskih parova u mobilnoj fazi. U sistemima KPF6_vI ove interakcije sa stacionarnom fazom bile su još izraženije nego u drugim sistemima. Iako su i K+ i NH4+ haotropne prirode, formiranje jonskih parova na stacionarnoj fazi je favorizovano prisustvom NH4+ samo pri visokim koncentracijama ovog katjona kao što je u cI sistemima.
Uporedno spektrofotometrijsko ispitivanje ukupnog sadržaja fenola i antioksidativnog kapaciteta merenih DPPH i ABTS metodama u zelenom povrću
Savremeni trendovi u ishrani podrazumevaju svakodnevni unos svežeg voća i povrća, uz konstataciju da su oni važni izvori prirodnih antioksidanata koji štite organizam od oksidativnog stresa i mogu doprineti prevenciji mnogih hroničnih bolesti. U ovim preporukama posebno se ističe zeleno povrće sa visokim ukupnim sadržajem fenola (TPC). Međutim, mora se postaviti pitanje da li je visok ukupan sadržaj fenola u zelenom povrću, kao što su prokelj, kupus, brokoli, peršun, kelj i spanać, pouzdan pokazatelj antioksidativne aktivnosti za regulisanje slobodnih radikala u organizmu. Cilj ovog rada je spektrofotometrijsko određivanje TPC i utvrđivanje korelacije između TPC i antioksidativnog potencijala metanol-vodenih ekstrakata odabranog zelenog povrća. U tu svrhu sa ekstraktima povrća urađeni su DPPH i ABTS testovi uklanjanja radikala. Dobijeni rezultati ukazuju na to da prokelj i peršun pokazuju najveću antioksidativnu aktivnost, dok ekstrakt kupusa pokazuje niže vrednosti. Pirsonova korelacija koja je korišćena za testiranje korelacije između TPC dobijene za ekstrakte zelenog povrća i rezultata DPPH i ABTS testova pokazuje umerenu korelaciju između vrednosti TPC i ABTS, dok je korelacija za TPC i DPPH statistički značajna.
Procena merne nesigurnosti primenom top-down i bottom-up pristupa za tačno određivanje sadržaja meloksikama u injekcionim farmaceutskim oblicima
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</xml><![endif]--><!-- [if gte mso 10]> <![endif]--> Mernа nesigurnost ima ključnu ulogu u obezbeđivanju pouzdanosti, tačnosti i regulatorne usklađenosti analitičkih rezultata u farmaceutskoj kontroli kvaliteta. Ovo istraživanje predstavlja sveobuhvatno poređenje Top-down i Bottom-up pristupa za procenu nesigurnosti povezane sa kvantitativnim određivanjem meloksikama u injekcionim dozama korišćenjem validirane HPLC metode. Top-down pristup, zasnovan na podacima validacije metode, dao je proširenu nesigurnost od ±0,336 mg po injekciji, dok je Bottom-up pristup (koji uključuje nesigurnosti od zapreminske opreme, referentnih standarda i molarne mase) proizveo širu vrednost od ±0,646 mg po injekciji. Rezultati ističu komplementarnu prirodu oba pristupa i podržavaju integraciju njihovih pojedinačnih prednosti radi unapređenja robusnosti procene nesigurnosti. Predložena metodologija je primenljiva i na druge metode u okviru farmaceutske kontrole kvaliteta.
Farmakovigilanca i prijavljivanje neželjenih reakcija na lekove u primarnoj, sekundarnoj i tercijarnoj zdravstvenoj zaštiti: pregled praksi, izazova i preporuka
Prema Svetskoj zdravstvenoj organizaciji, farmakovigilanca je nauka i skup aktivnosti koje se odnose na otkrivanje, procenu, razumevanje i prevenciju neželjenih reakcija na lek, kao i drugih problema u vezi sa lekom. Budući da je nedovoljno prijavljivanje neželjenih reakcija na lekove još uvek značajan globalni problem, prijavljivanje neželjenih reakcija na lekove predstavlja ključni element za uspešan program farmakovigilance. Sistemskim praćenjem i prijavljivanjem neželjenih reakcija lekova na primarnom, sekundarnom i tercijarnom nivou zdravstvene zaštite, farmakovigilanca ima ključnu ulogu u očuvanju javnog zdravlja. Osim što olakšava rano prepoznavanje i izbegavanje negativnih posledica, prijavljivanjem neželjenih reakcija doprinosi se i poboljšanju kvaliteta zdravstvenih usluga. Ovaj rad predstavlja narativni pregled koji ima za cilj sintezu dostupne literature i regulatornih dokumenata vezanih za farmakovigilancu i prijavljivanje neželjenih reakcija na lekove na različitim nivoima zdravstvene zaštite, sa posebnim osvrtom na nacionalni kontekst Srbije i relevantna međunarodna poređenja.
Klinički aspekti terapijskog praćenja ciklosporina u pedijatrijskoj populaciji pacijenata sa transplantiranim bubregom
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UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><!-- [if gte mso 10]> <![endif]--> Ciklosporin A (CsA) je imunosupresiv koji se koristi kod dece i odraslih pacijenata sa transplantiranim organom, kao i kod pacijenata sa autoimunim bolestima kao što je nefrotski sindrom. Terapijsko praćenje ciklosporina (TDM) je ključno za optimizaciju terapije zbog velike interindividualne i intraindividualne farmakokinetičke varijabilnosti, uskog terapijskog indeksa, rizika od odbacivanja organa ili recidiva autoimune bolesti ukoliko su nivoi CsA preniski, ili pojave neželjenih efekata usled prekomerne izloženosti leku. Kod dece, farmakokinetika CsA može biti izmenjena zbog razvojnih fizioloških faktora, tako da treba posvetiti više pažnje sprovođenju TDM u ovoj osetljivoj populaciji. U ovom radu biće opisani ključni izazovi sprovođenja TDM u pedijatrijskoj populaciji, razlog zbog koga se i kada sprovodi u kliničkoj praksi, kao i savremene strategije za optimizaciju terapije kao što je doziranje zasnovano na upotrebi modela.
Praktični aspekti primene antiepileptika kod pedijatrijskih pacijenata – koristan vodič za farmaceute koji savetuju mlade pacijente sa epilepsijom i njihove roditelje
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Osnova lečenja epilepsije za većinu pacijenata je upotreba antiepileptika (AEL). Ovi lekovi, kada se koriste u monoterapiji ili u kombinaciji, mogu dovesti do kontrole napada kod čak 70% pacijenata sa epilepsijom. Međutim, uprkos dostupnosti efikasnih lekova, adherencija prema propisanim AEL u pedijatrijskoj populaciji je često suboptimalna, što može negativno uticati na dugoročnu prognozu pedijatrijskih pacijenata. U tom smislu, pokazalo se da intervencije farmaceuta, usmerene na povećanje zdravstvene pismenosti pacijenata i članova njihovih porodica u vezi sa lečenjem epilepsije, mogu povećati adherenciju prema propisanim AEL. Ove intervencije se fokusiraju na edukaciju pacijenata i roditelja o prirodi epilepsije i praktičnim aspektima vezanim za upotrebu AEL. U ovom radu, cilj nam je bio da pružimo koristan izvor informacija farmaceutima (i drugim zdravstvenim radnicima) o tome kako savetovati pacijente i roditelje o pitanjima vezanim za započinjanje/korišćenje AEL (npr. odgovarajuća titracija doze AEL, kako postupiti u slučaju propuštanja doza AEL), dodatnim merama koje mogu poboljšati ishode lečenja (npr. praćenje učestalosti napada, izbegavanje okidača napada) i bezbednosnim rizicima primene AEL (i kako kontrolisati/ublažiti ove rizike).
Dodaci ishrani u pedijatrijskoj populaciji u Srbiji – pregled najčešće primenjivanih proizvoda
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UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><!-- [if gte mso 10]> <![endif]--> Dijetetski suplementi (dodaci ishrani) su namirnice dizajnirane da dopune svakodnevnu ishranu. Oni sadrže koncentrovane izvore nutritivnih i nenutritivnih sastojaka sa hranljivim ili fiziološkim efektom i u prometu su u različitim farmaceutskim oblicima, namenjenim za konzumiranje u odmerenim pojedinačnim količinama. Poslednjih decenija, upotreba dijetetskih suplemenata je postala sve češća u pedijatrijskoj populaciji. Formulacije za decu su posebno dizajnirane kako bi se zadovoljile njihove nutritivne potrebe i specifični bezbednosni zahtevi. Ovaj pregledni rad sadrži analizu dijetetskih suplemenata koji su često u upotrebi kod dece u Srbiji, sa fokusom na doziranje, bezbednost i dostupnost zvaničnih smernica. Opisani su dijetetski suplementi koji sadrže vitamine (D, K i B kompleks), probiotike, omega-3 masne kiseline, beta-glukane i različite biljne preparate. Uprkos širokoj upotrebi u Srbiji, zvanične pedijatrijske smernice postoje samo za vitamin D, vitamin K, probiotike i omega-3 masne kiseline. Biljni suplementi i dalje predstavljaju poseban izazov zbog nedovoljno podataka o bezbednosti, interakcijama i potencijalnim neželjenim efektima. Uzimajući u obzir sve navedeno, neophodno je edukovati roditelje i zdravstvene radnike, kako bi se obezbedio adekvatan unos, osigurali optimalni zdravstveni efekti i omogućila bezbedna upotreba dijetetskih suplemenata u pedijatrijskoj populaciji.
Biljni lekoviti proizvodi kod respiratornih infekcija u pedijatrijskoj populaciji
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QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Emphasis"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><!-- [if gte mso 10]> <![endif]--> Jedna od najčešćih indikacija za upotrebu biljnih lekovitih proizvoda u pedijatriji u evropskim zemljama su kašalj i prehlada. Ovi biljni proizvodi se generalno smatraju bezbednim i njihov efekat se uglavnom klasifikuje kao dobar ili veoma dobar. Tradicionalni biljni lekovi na bazi biljnih droga sa sluzima poput Althaeae radix, Malvae folium, Lichen islandicus i Plantaginis lanceolatae folium koriste se u lečenju upala usne duplje i ždrela i pratećeg suvog kašlja. Kod produktivnog kašlja primenjuju se biljni lekovi na bazi Hederae folium, ili niz tradicionalnih biljnih lekova na bazi Primulae radix, Thymi herba, i drugih aromatičnih droga i etarskih ulja. Važno je napomenuti da su proizvod na bazi etarskih ulja, kao i nekih aromatičnih droga, kontraindikovani kod dece mlađe od 2 ili 2,5 godina, zbog rizika od laringospazma. U pedijatrijskoj populaciji, za ublažavanje različitih simptoma prehlade, primenjuju se i proizvodi na bazi Matricariae flos, Pelargonii radix, Tiliae flos i Sambuci flos. Primena je ograničena na decu određenog uzrasta, najčešće zbog nedostatka dokaza o bezbednosti, a u pojedinim slučajevima zbog mogućnosti pojave određenih neželjenih efekata.
Parenteralni preparati za primenu u pedijatrijskoj populaciji: izazovi izbora ekscipijenasa
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Primena lekova parenteralnim putem u pedijatrijskoj populaciji česta je kod hospitalizovanih pacijenata, u urgentnim stanjima ili u situacijama kada nije moguć (per)oralni put primene. Pri razvoju formulacije leka za parenteralnu primenu kod dece neophodno je uzeti u obzir put primene leka (povezan sa fiziološkim razlikama između dece i odraslih), mesto delovanja i dužinu trajanja farmakološkog efekta aktivne supstance, zapreminu preparata i opšte zdravstveno stanje pacijenta. Veliki izazov u formulaciji ovih preparata predstavlja izbor ekscipijenasa koji treba da obezbede odgovarajući kvalitet proizvoda i podnošljivost od strane pacijenta. U radu je dat prikaz razmatranja vezanih za formulaciju parenteralnih preparata za primenu u pedijatrijskoj populaciji. Navedeni su regulatorni zahtevi koji se odnose na primenu ekcipijenasa sa potvrđenim dejstvom i obeležavanje preparata koji ih sadrže. Takođe, razmotreni su savremeni pristupi (baze podataka i alati) koji mogu biti od koristi pri izboru odgovarajućih ekscipijenasa.
Izrada oralno-disperzibilnih filmova metodom 3D štampanja ekstruzijom polučvrstog materijala: fleksibilan pristup izradi farmaceutskih oblika
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U ovom radu je ispitana mogućnost izrade ODF korišćenjem 3D štampanja metodom ekstruzije polučvrstog materijala (SSE) kao alternativne metode konvencionalnom izlivanja disperzija. Korišćena su četiri hidrofilna polimera – hidroksipropilceluloza (HPC), polietilenglikol-polivinil alkohol graft kopolimer (PVA-PEG), maltodekstrin (MDX) i natrijum-alginat (SA) – pojedinačno ili u binarnim mešavinama, a kofein je izabran kao model aktivna supstanca. Filmovi su štampani korišćenjem 3D štampača Ultimaker 2+ i procenjivana je njihova uniformnost, debljina, porozitet, sadržaj vlage, mehaničke karakteritistike, raspadljivost i brzina oslobađanja kofeina iz filmova. Formulacije koje sadrže samo MDX ili PVA-PEG nisu bile pogodne za štampanje usled curenja disperzije iz mlaznica, dok su druge formulacije štampane nanošenjenjem uniformnih slojeva i imale su zadovoljavajuću strukturnu stabilnost. Binarne mešavine su generalno dovele do povećanja debljine filma. Filmovi izrađani sa SA imali su niske vrednosti poroziteta i sadržaja vlage, dok su HPC filmovi pokazali povoljne mehaničke karakteristike. Ispitani uzorci su se brzo raspadali i imali potpuno oslobađanje kofeina. Dobijeni rezultati potvrđuju potencijal SSE 3D štampe kao fleksibilne metode za izradu ODF koji omogućavaju precizno doziranje i dizajn usmeren na pojedinačnog pacijenta, posebno za pedijatrijske lekove.
Inovacije u 3D štampanim farmaceutskim oblicima lekova za pedijatrijsku populaciju: Primer lozengi za žvakanje
Trodimenzionalna (3D) štampa pruža široku platformu za proizvodnju personalizovanih farmaceutskih oblika prilagođenih uzrastu, koji odgovaraju specifičnim terapijskim potrebama pedijatrijske populacije. Među različitim oralnim farmaceutskim oblicima koji se mogu pripremiti pomoću 3D štampe, lozenge za žvakanje nude brojne prednosti, naročito za pedijatrijske pacijente. Ovaj rad prikazuje razvoj formulacije i izbor procesnih parametara za 3D-štampane lozenge za žvakanje koje sadrže propranolol-hidrohlorid kao model supstancu, sa potencijalnom primenom u pedijatrijskoj populaciji. Takođe, ističu se prednosti 3D štampe korišćenjem metode ekstruzije polučvrstog materijala. Želatina i natrijum-alginat korišćeni su kao nosači za 3D štampu. Varirani su vreme uranjanja u rastvor kalcijum-hlorida (tim) i oblik lozengi, pri čemu su sprovedena sledeća ispitivanja: procena organoleptičkih svojstava, variranje mase i debljine, vreme topljenja i raspadljivost lozengi, sadržaj i brzina rastvaranja propranolol-hidrohlorida. U početnoj fazi identifikovani su ključni parametri 3D štampe za izradu lozengi, a zatim je odabrana odgovarajuća formulacija. Dalja ispitivanja su pokazala da oblik lozengi, u kombinaciji sa varijacijama u vremenu uranjanja, utiče na farmaceutsko-tehnološke karakteristike izrađenih preparata. Formulacija zasnovana na kombinaciji želatine i natrijum-alginata u odnosu 1:3, uronjena 60 sekundi u rastvor kalcijum-hlorida, pokazala se pogodnom za 3D štampu lozengi za žvakanje.
Farmakoekonomska evaluacija antimikrobnih obloga za rane u tertmanu venskih ulceracija
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UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><!-- [if gte mso 10]> <![endif]--> Venski ulkusi su najčešći tip rane na donjim ekstremitetima. Zbrinjavanje venskog ulkusa uključuje čišćenje, obradu tj. pripremu rane, kontrolu infekcije i nanošenje obloga za rane. Postoje različite vrste obloga koje pružaju adekvatnu vlažnost, zaštitu i podržavaju reepitelizaciju venskih ulkusa. Cilj analize je procena troškovne isplativosti antimikrobne obloge za rane koji sadrži jonsko srebro (AquacelÒ Ag+ExtraTM) u lečenju venskih ulkusa u poređenju sa konvencionalnim previjanjem gazom u Republici Srbiji. Podaci o efikasnosti i učestalosti previjanja za obe strategije dobijeni su iz literature. Uzeti su u obzir samo direktni troškovi, a vrednosti su preuzete iz objavljenog cenovnika zdravstvenih usluga ili postupaka javne nabavke. Sprovedena je analiza osetljivosti. Ukupni troškovi po pacijentu za AquacelÒ Ag+ExtraTM iznosili su 34.178,76 dinara, dok su ukupni troškovi primenom gaze iznosili 82.800,90 dinara. Pored nižih troškova, antimikrobna obloga za rane pokazuje veću efikasnost od gaze, što implicira da je AquacelÒ Ag+ExtraTM dominantna strategija. Analiza osetljivosti podržava robusnost rezultata. Upotreba antimikrobne obloge za rane koja sadrži jonsko srebro je željena opcija za lečenje venskog ulkusa zbog nižih troškova i veće stope zarastanja rana.
Iskustva žena sa upotrebom antibiotika kod urinarnih infekcija: Uvidi iz perspektive pacijentkinja
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Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" 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UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><!-- [if gte mso 10]> <![endif]--> Upotreba antibiotika u lečenju infekcija urinarnog trakta (IUT) u Srbiji je nedovoljno istražena, posebno iz ugla pacijenata, te je cilj studije da se ispita upotreba antibiotika kod ovih pacijenata. Sprovedena je onlajn studija preseka tokom zime 2020/21. godine, korišćenjem validiranog Google Docs upitnika i tehnike snežne grudve. Studija je obuhvatila 236 pacijenta ženskog pola, prosečne starosti 34,9 ± 14,2 godina. Većina pacijenata smatrala je simptome ozbiljnim (62,3%), i da simptomi ometaju njihove svakodnevne aktivnosti (51,3%). Većina pacijenata (77,1%) je koristila antibiotike propisane na lekarski recept. Ostali pacijenti su koristili antibiotike samostalno, po sopstvenom izboru. Samolečenje antibioticima je bilo povezano sa percepcijom ozbiljnosti simptoma (p=0,006) i prebivalištem (p=0,017). Pacijenti su prijavili upotrebu 17 različitih antibiotika za lečenje IUT, od kojih su najzastupljeniji bili fluorohinoloni (30,3%), cefalosporini (21,2%) i sulfonamidi (15,7%). Najveća usklađenost primene antibiotika sa nacionalnim i evropskim smernicama uočena je kod trudnica (80,0%). Rezultati istraživanja ističu potrebu za edukacijom zdravstvenih profesionalaca i unapređenju kliničke prakse u donošenju odluka o racionalnom propisivanju antibiotika.
Da li je primarna prevencija dostupna studentima?
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UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><!-- [if gte mso 10]> <![endif]--> Period studiranja je ključan za zdravlje studenata, jer se suočavaju sa različitim izazovima, uključujući društvene uticaje i nezdrav način života. Ograničen pristup zdravstvenim uslugama u studentskim domovima povećava rizik od nezdravih ponašanja. Ova studija imala je za cilj da istraži stavove studenata o javno-zdravstvenim uslugama za primarnu prevenciju u studentskim domovima i predloži poboljšanja. Sprovedena je studija preseka korišćenjem upitnika među studentima koji žive u domovima. Anketa je procenjivala stavove studenata o zdravstvenoj zaštiti i dostupnosti preventivnih usluga za one koji studiraju van mesta prebivališta. U istraživanju je učestvovalo 996 studenata (stopa odziva 99,1%). Većina je bila nezaposlena (83,9%). Najčešće preventivne posete bile su stomatološke (34,4% dva puta godišnje, 24,7% jednom godišnje), dok 37,7% nikada nije posetilo ginekologa/urologa. Većina (68,6%) smatra da je apoteka neophodna u studentskom domu. Najvažnije zdravstvene usluge uključuju lekare opšte prakse (82,3%) i psihologe (21,4%). Stavovi o zdravstvenim centrima značajno su se razlikovali u zavisnosti od postojanja takvog centra u domu (p<0,001). Primarna prevencija treba da se poboljša kroz zdravstvene centre sa prilagođenim radnim vremenom i dodatne aktivnosti koje poboljšavaju pristup zdravstvenoj zaštiti i podižu svest o značaju prevencije.
Zadovoljstvo korisnika uslugama u javnim apotekama
Zadovoljstvo pacijenata odražava kvalitet farmaceutskih usluga i zavisi od više faktora, kao što su kvalitet usluge, veštine farmaceuta i demografske karakteristike korisnika. Pozitivna iskustva jačaju poverenje i lojalnost pacijenata. Istraživanja zadovoljstva korisnika su važan alat za unapređenje usluga. Cilj rada bila je analiza zadovoljstva korisnika apotekarskim uslugama u Srbiji tokom poslednjih dvanaest godina. Analizirani su jednogodišnji izveštaji o zadovoljstvu korisnika u apotekama u periodu od 2013. do 2024. godine. Na osnovu ključnih indikatora izrađen je izveštaj koji poredi zadovoljstvo po godinama, uzimajući u obzir različite faktore i kvalitet usluge. Osim 2020. godine, svake godine su učestvovale apoteke u državnom i privatnom vlasništvu kao i apoteke u okviru domovima zdravlja. Najveći odziv ispitanika zabeležen je 2015. godine. Više od 60% korisnika godišnje poseti apoteku više od pet puta, uz čekanje kraće od pet minuta. Najveće zadovoljstvo snabdevenošću zabeleženo je 2021. godine, a ukupnim uslugama 2022. godine. Zadovoljstvo korisnika je stabilno, što ukazuje na dostupnost i kvalitet farmaceutskih usluga. Rezultati mogu doprineti daljem unapređenju prakse.
Percepcija uloge farmaceuta u pružanju farmaceutske usluge u kućnim uslovima u Norveškoj: studija intervjua sa farmaceutima u javnim apotekama
Farmaceuti imaju potencijal da upotpune primarnu zdravstvenu zaštitu kroz pružanje farmaceutskih usluga u kućnim uslovima, odgovarajući time na izazove sa kojima se suočava norveški zdravstveni sistem. Njihova integracija u timove mogla bi poboljšati kvalitet nege, smanjiti opterećenje lekara i unaprediti dostupnost i efikasnost terapije, što je već potvrđeno u drugim zemljama. Ovo istraživanje ispituje stavove farmaceuta o mogućnostima implementacije farmaceutskih usluga u kućnim uslovima u Norveškoj, uzimajući u obzir međunarodna iskustva i trendove. Kvalitativna studija sprovedena je od jula do avgusta 2024. godine, putem intervjua sa farmaceutima iz različitih norveških apoteka. Transkripti su analizirani radi identifikacije kategorija i tema. U istraživanju je učestvovalo deset farmaceuta, a podaci su grupisani u 19 kategorija svrstanih u šest tematskih celina: (i) koncept i implementacija farmaceutskih usluga u kućnim uslovima, (ii) koristi, (iii) izazovi, (iv) uticaj na praksu i potrebu za obukom, (v) evaluacija i timska saradnja, kao i (vi) ishodi lečenja i upotreba digitalnih alata. Rezultati pokazuju da farmaceutske usluge u kućnim uslovima mogu poboljšati kvalitet zdravstvene zaštite u Norveškoj, ali da je njihova primena otežana zbog nedostatka resursa i potrebe za dodatnom obukom. Ključne preporuke uključuju razvoj strategija i podrške za prevazilaženje izazova, kako bi se obezbedili benefiti uz visok standard farmaceutskih usluga.