Acta historiae medicinae, stomatologiae, pharmaciae, medicinae veterinariae
Prikaz: De zwevende Wereld, by Annejet van der Zijl
Sva prava zadržana (c) 2026 Acta historiae medicinae, stomatologiae, pharmaciae, medicinae veterinariae
Bavljenje demografijom. Imigraciona ograničenja u Sjedinjenim Državama 1880-1930 i literatura o isključivanju
U radu se istražuju ograničenja imigracije u Sjedinjenim Državama od oko 1880. do 1930. godine, sa naglaskom na retorici i argumentima koje su koristili pristalice ograničavanja priliva imigranata. Posle 1890. godine, rastao je procenat doseljenika iz južne i istočne Evrope. Očekivana rezultirajuća demografska promena bila je zabrinjavajuća za tradicionalističke Amerikance i za radnički pokret. Pa ipak, njihova zemlja je uvek napredovala zahvaljujući dolascima iz inostranstva. Kako su mogli da formulišu mehanizme isključivanja koji su pravili razliku između ljudi koji su slični njima i onih koji su doneli nešto novo? Rasistički konzervacionista Medison Grant oslanjao se na antropologiju i istoriju za svoju tvrdnju da su Amerikanci velika fuzija pionira iz severne Evrope. Istoričar i novinar Lotrop Stodard nastavio je ovu liniju razmišljanja. Obojica su bili pristalice eugenike, doktrine koja se koristila za „fino podešavanje“ rasističkih diskursa. Eugenika je postala faktor tek u poslednje dve decenije tog perioda. Radnički pokret i drugi su mnogo pre toga tražili ograničenja imigracije, podstaknuti na akciju posebno dolaskom kineskih radnika. Pamflet „Meat vs Rice“ vođa Američke federacije rada Semjuela Gompersa i Hermana Gutštata, prvobitno objavljen 1902. godine, sadržavao je grubi rasizam sa idejom da ograniči kinesku konkurenciju na tržištu rada. Društvo je povuklo liniju razdvajanja između onih koji su mogli postati Amerikanci i onih koji nisu mogli, potkrepljeno Zakonom o naturalizaciji iz 1870. i Zakonima o isključenju Kineza iz 1882. i 1902. godine. Negativni stavovi protiv imigranata iz manje poznatih mesta imali su značajan uticaj na Zakon o imigraciji iz 1924. godine. Iznosi se tvrdnja da su intelektualci iz severnih delova SAD često shvatali Ameriku kao vrstu britanske republike, u kojoj su srodni narodi bili vredni i koji su mogli biti asimilirani.
Uticaj Velikog rata na urbano zdravlje: Studija slučaja zaraznih bolesti u Dubrovačkoj gradskoj bolnici, 1914–1924
Zarazne bolesti bile su vodeći uzrok smrtnosti među vojnicima i civilima tokom Prvog svetskog rata. Iako je većina ovih patogena bila poznata pre sukoba, ratni uslovi su katalizovali njihov prelazak u široko rasprostranjene epidemije. Iako su vakcine protiv tifusa, kolere i tetanusa značajno smanjile smrtnost, njihova primena je često odlagana ili je nailazila na otpor javnosti. Ova studija analizira epidemiološki profil Dubrovačke bolnice, koja je funkcionisala i kao civilna i kao vojna institucija. Održavana je stroga kontrola infekcija, posebno kroz obaveznu vakcinaciju protiv malih boginja za sve prijeme u bolnicu. Tokom rata, bolnica je godišnje lečila prosečno 1.100–1.200 pacijenata, od kojih je trećina bila vojno osoblje. Iako je Dubrovnik beležio slučajeve pegavog tifusa koji prenose vaši, izbegao je katastrofalne epidemije viđene na Istočnom frontu. Međutim, blizina močvara reke Neretve, u kombinaciji sa prilivom zaraženih vojnika, rezultirala je visokom smrtnošću od malarije. Poslednju godinu rata obeležila je pojava španskog gripa, koji je 1918. godine izazvao veliki broj smrtnih slučajeva zbog teških plućnih komplikacija. Tuberkuloza je ostala stalna pretnja tokom celog perioda, dok je visoka učestalost polno prenosivih bolesti među vojnicima značajno uticala na vojnu spremnost. Druge bolesti poput difterije, tetanusa, erizipela i šarlaha dodatno su zakomplikovale javnozdravstveno stanje. Ovo istraživanje se takođe bavi izazovima fragmentiranih arhivskih zapisa i gubitka dokumentacije iz Vojne garnizonske bolnice i Lazareta Svetog Jakova, što ograničava potpunu statističku rekonstrukciju određenih ratnih godina i stopa smrtnosti dece.
Očuvanje zdravlja tokom putovanja: Primeri iz srednjovekovnog medicinskog rukopisa Cantica Canticorum Avicenne Cum Commento Averrois
Ovaj rad ispituje srednjovekovne preporuke za održavanje zdravlja tokom putovanja, kako je zabeleženo u rukopisu Cantica canticorum Avicenne cum commento Averrois, koji se čuva u Metropolitanskoj knjižnici u Zagrebu. To je latinski prevod Avicenine poetske medicinske trakte Urjuza fi’l tibb (Pesma o medicini) praćen Averoesovim komentarom. Fokusirajući se na poglavlja koja pružaju praktične smernice putnicima, studija ispituje savete u vezi sa ishranom, higijenom, uslovima životne sredine i preventivnim medicinskim praksama za putovanja kopnom i morem tokom zime i leta. Ova uputstva se analiziraju u širem okviru srednjovekovne medicinske teorije, posebno humoralnog koncepta telesne ravnoteže. Rad takođe pozicionira Avicenine preporuke u odnosu na ranija medicinska zapažanja pronađena u Corpus Hippocraticum, ističući kontinuitete i razlike u percepciji putovanja kao potencijalnog zdravstvenog rizika. Analiza ilustruje kako su srednjovekovni medicinski autori sintetizovali drevno i arapsko medicinsko znanje sa praktičnim smernicama, naglašavajući značaj preventivnih mera i očuvanja zdravlja u predmodernim kontekstima putovanja.
Terapeutske strategije za rak u kasnoj antici: Dokazi iz Medicinskog zbornika Aetija iz Amide
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Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Smart Hyperlink"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Hashtag"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Unresolved Mention"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Smart Link"/> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><!-- [if gte mso 10]> <![endif]-->Ovaj članak ispituje terapijsko lečenje malignih bolesti u medicinskom zborniku Aetija iz Amide, tretirajući Tetrabiblon kao dokaz za kasnoantičku medicinsku praksu, a ne samo kao spremište nasleđene teorije. Fokusirajući se na odlomke koji se tiču karcinoma dojke i materice, analizira dijagnostički opis, hirurške kriterijume, postoperativnu negu i farmakološki tretman. Članak tvrdi da Aetije čuva koherentan terapijski okvir strukturiran oko dijagnostičke klasifikacije, anatomske pristupačnosti, prognostičke procene i humoralne regulacije koji određuju izbor između ekscizije, kauterizacije i palijativne nege. Studija dalje pokazuje da Aetijev farmakološki materijal, koji kombinuje botaničke, mineralne i supstance životinjskog porekla, odražava praktičan i na simptome orijentisan pristup malignim bolestima. To sugeriše da su kasnoantički lekari posedovali nijansiranije praktično razumevanje progresije tumora i terapijskih ograničenja nego što se često pretpostavlja.
O seksu u Hrvata: „Podaj Bože da mi dika može“
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="List Continue 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="List Continue 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="List Continue 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Message Header"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Salutation"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Date"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Body Text First Indent"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Body Text First Indent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Note Heading"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Body Text 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Body Text 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Body Text Indent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Body Text Indent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Block Text"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Hyperlink"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="FollowedHyperlink"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Document Map"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Plain Text"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="E-mail Signature"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="HTML Top of Form"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="HTML Bottom of Form"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Normal (Web)"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="HTML Acronym"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="HTML Address"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="HTML Cite"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="HTML Code"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="HTML Definition"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="HTML Keyboard"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="HTML Preformatted"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="HTML Sample"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="HTML Typewriter"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="HTML Variable"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Normal Table"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="annotation subject"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="No List"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Outline List 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Outline List 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Outline List 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Simple 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Simple 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Simple 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Classic 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Classic 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Classic 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Classic 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Colorful 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Colorful 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Colorful 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Columns 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Columns 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Columns 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Columns 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Columns 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Grid 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Grid 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Grid 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Grid 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Grid 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Grid 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Grid 7"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Grid 8"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table List 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table List 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table List 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table List 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table List 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table List 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table List 7"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table List 8"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table 3D effects 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table 3D effects 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table 3D effects 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Contemporary"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Elegant"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Professional"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Subtle 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Subtle 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Web 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Web 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Web 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Balloon Text"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="Table Grid"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Theme"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Placeholder Text"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Revision"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" QFormat="true" Name="List Paragraph"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Quote"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Emphasis"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Bibliography"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="41" Name="Plain Table 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="42" Name="Plain Table 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="43" Name="Plain Table 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="44" Name="Plain Table 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="45" Name="Plain Table 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="40" Name="Grid Table Light"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 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Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="List Table 1 Light"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="List Table 6 Colorful"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="List Table 7 Colorful"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Mention"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Smart Hyperlink"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Hashtag"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Unresolved Mention"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Smart Link"/> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><!-- [if gte mso 10]> <![endif]-->Samo poneka ulica i to na periferiji slavonskih i baranjskih naselja nosi naziv po nekom liječniku ili prosvjetitelju dok su središnji trg i nekoliko ulica u središtu nazvane su po svecu zaštitniku, osivaču naselja, feudalcu ili pokojnom političaru, izuzev Kutjeva čije se središte zove Trg graševine, i Pleternice čiji trg nosi naziv Trg bećarca. Međutim, poistraživačima seksualnosti Hrvata dr. sc. Salom(on)u Krausu, etnologu iz Pleternice, i dr. Ilijašu Abjaniću – Jakšinom, liječniku iz Starih Mikanovaca, ništa se ne zove, nema izloženog spomenika ili barem nekog znaka u javnom prostoru. Istrživanja seksualnosti u današnjem neokonzervativnom dobu je tabu i sve treba poduzeti da se takve znanstvenike zaboravi.
Sva prava zadržana (c) 2025 Acta historiae medicinae, stomatologiae, pharmaciae, medicinae veterinariae
Prikaz knjige Madness, Race and Insanity in a Jim Crow Asylum: Crownsville State Hospital
prikaz knjige Madness, Race and Insanity in a Jim Crow Asylum: Crownsville State Hospital Antonie Hylton
"Morski češljevi koje nose hodočasnici" - medicinska upotreba kod Petra Španskog
Petrus Hispanus, takođe poznat kao Petar Španski (oko 1210-1277), bio je portugalski lekar koji je kasnije postao papa Jovan XXI. U svom delu „Thesaurus Pauperum“ (Blago siromašnih), koje je bila jedna od najpopularnijih knjiga tokom srednjeg veka, pomenuo je da se „morski češljevi koje nose hodočasnici“ mogu koristiti za upravljanje menstrualnim izlivom. Ovaj recept je adaptirao od arapskog lekara Avicene (oko 980–1037. godine nove ere). Zanimljivo je da nas ovo navodi da razmotrimo i medicinsku upotrebu korala. Trenutna naučna saznanja ukazuju na to da su morski češljevi prvenstveno sastavljeni od kalcijum karbonata, koji može uticati na zgrušavanje krvi. Pored toga, konkavni oblik školjki, koji je pomagao hodočasnicima da piju tokom svojih putovanja, evoluirao je u moćan simbol njihove duhovne potrage. Pored svojih hemijskih svojstava, morski češljevi predstavljali su aspekte duhovnog blagostanja i korisnih isceliteljskih sila, dodajući značajno kulturno značenje njihovoj praktičnoj upotrebi.
"Svako zlo bledi u poređenju sa Tominom izopačenošću"
Janjinska hronika je prozna hronika iz XV veka i predstavlja najduži i najopsežniji sačuvani tekst o srednjovekovnom Epiru. Ovaj izvor opisuje tiransku vladavinu Tome Preljubovića u Janjini (1366/7–1384). Prema autoru hronike, vladavina Tome Preljubovića u ovom gradu je prikazana kao vreme straha i terora. Hroničar sa neprikrivenom gorčinom prikazuje brojne teškoće i zlostavljanja koja su stanovnici Janjine trpeli, često ponavljajući frazu „Svako zlo bledi u poređenju sa Tominom izopačenošću“, čime ističe razmere užasa koji je sejao Toma Preljubović tokom svoje vladavine terora, koja je trajala od 1366/1367. do 1384. godine. Među mnogim zločinima koji se pripisuju Tomi Preljuboviću, hroničar najčešće pominje zatvaranje, ropstvo, pogubljenja, kao i oslepljivanje, sakaćenje, vešanje, čerečenje konjima, mučenje vodom i druge oblike kažnjavanja karakteristične za srednjovekovni period.
Zarazne bolesti, vera, sujeverje i kult svetog Haralampija
Od prve polovine XVI i sve gotovo do sredine XIX veka prostor Balkanskog poluostrva, nastanjen Srbima, udarali su talasi smrtonosnih zaraza, najčešće kužnog tipa. Velika smrtnost i epifenomeni bolesti: strah, sakaćenje, gubitak bližnjih uticao je na socijalno-religijski konstrukt, postavljajući Crkvu u horizontalnu društvenu ravan i suočavajući je sa naročitim izazovima u procesu njenog misionarskog rada. Tražena zaštita od dejstva zaraza, jedna izražena molitvenost i naglašeni oblici pobožnosti uticali su i na oblikovanje kultova svetitelja. Ističe se kult Sv. Haralampija, ranohrišćanskog mučenika iz III veka, kao zaštitnika od kuge i zaraza čije je posredništvo prizivano i dodatno podsticalo slikoviti idejni svet nastao iz dogmatskih i liturgijskih tekstova i shodnih oblika ponašanja
Poimanje etiopatogeneze glavobolje kroz evoluciju medicine čvrsto je pratilo civilizacijski i društveni razvoj ljudske vrste od primitivne prethistorijske medicine pa sve do dvije medicinske znanstvene filozofije, humoralne i celularne, koje su mijenjale bezbroj medicinskih pojmova, uzroka, dijagnostičkih principa i terapijskih osnova. Liječenje glavobolja kroz povijest medicine temeljila su se na uobičajenim načinima poštivajući simptomatologiju vladajućih medicinskih filozofija isprva temeljena na empiriji narodne medicine uključujući herbalne pripravke i kraniotomiju, a potom alkemiji i znanstvenim dokazima razvoja farmacije.
Kad ljubav boli: Ljubavna bolest i autentičnost emocija u Plautovom Kovčežiću (Cistellaria)
Ovaj rad ispituje prvi postojeći primer medikalizacije ljubavi u rimskoj književnosti. U Plautovom Kovčežiću (Cistellaria), ljubav nije zamišljena samo kroz konvencionalnu komičnu prizmu erotske želje, već kao psihosomatski poremećaj, izražen kroz simptome koji zamagljuju granicu između mentalnog poremećaja i telesne bolesti. Analiza pokazuje kako Plaut integriše medicinsko i popularno znanje kako bi konstruisao model ljubavi koji je antička publika mogla prepoznati kao patološki. Ova medikalizacija strasti služi izrazito književnoj svrsi: utemeljujući emocije u fizičkim i kognitivnim simptomima, Plaut daje psihološku dubinu i kredibilitet svojim protagonistima. Autoritet medicinske misli tako legitimiše ono što komedija obično trivijalizuje, iskrena osećanja i istinsku patnju. Cistelarija se pojavljuje kao studija slučaja o tome kako je rimska književnost prisvojila naučni diskurs kako bi potkrepila i oblikovala narativnu koherentnost. Studija smešta ovu medikalizaciju strasti unutar širih antičkih diskursa o bolestima i afektima, otkrivajući kako Plautova komedija učestvuje u kulturnom prevođenju medicinskog znanja.
Sarajevska štampa o izazovima kolere u Bosni i Hercegovini (1892-1894)
Kolera je izuzetno zarazna, bakterijska infekcija koja je tokom 19. vijeka u nekoliko epidemijskih talasa napadala evropske zemlje. Naučna otkrića na polju mikrobiologije identifikovala su uzročnike ove bolesti i načine njenog širenja. Razvojem zdravstvene zaštite i unapređenjem sanitarnih uslova bolest se donekle mogla držati pod kontrolom. Područje Bosne i Hercegovine je tek nakon uspostave austrougarske uprave dobilo organizovani sistem javne zdravstvene zaštite, koji je kao takav mogao da osigura efikasniju brana infektivnim bolestima. U ovom radu ćemo na osnovu pisanja dnevnih novina analizirati uticaj epidemije kolere koja je krajem 1892. godne zaprijetila području Bosne i Hercegovine, da bi već od jeseni iduće godine počela da odnosi svoje žrtve i na tom području. Naš primarni cilj je da kroz analizu izvještavanja dnevnih novina utvrdimo kako se austrougarska uprava nosila sa izazovom epidemije kolere, koje mjere je poduzimala i kakve rezultate su one donosile. Važna pitanja kojima ćemo posvetiti pažnju ovom radu odnosi se na broj oboljelih od kolere, pravce širenja zaraze, kao i procenat smrtnosti tokom same epidemije.
Dubrovačka bolnica u Prvom svjetskom ratu
Civilian hospitals in the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy continued to operate during the First World War, some converted into military hospitals, others as both military and civilian, and still others continued to treat only civilian patients. In Dubrovnik during the First World War, there were two military hospitals and the Dubrovnik city hospital, which remained civilian with a military part. As the war continued, the lack of doctors and medical personnel affected it more and more. The situation is worsened by lack of food and occasional epidemics of infectious diseases. In the hospital in Dubrovnik, demographic growth is slowing down due to the drop in births and a persistently high mortality rate. However, the hospital meets the requirements of Dubrovnik and its surroundings in the difficult wartime circumstances and follows advances in the surgical treatment of diseases. Surgical procedures during the First World War became the basis for the creation of the surgical department of the Dubrovnik hospital.
Solidarnost i humanizam: Crveni krst u okviru jugoslovenskog socijalizma tokom 1960-ih i 1970-ih
Kao organizacija koja je postojala kako u okviru kapitalističkog, tako i socijalističkog sistema, istorija Crvenog krsta predstavlja bogato istraživačko polje. Predmet istraživanja je Crveni krst u socijalističkoj Jugoslaviji, prvenstveno sagledan kroz način na koji je ta organizacija percipirana u okviru sistema. Rad posebno uzima u obzir značaj koncepcije samoupravljanja u oblikovanju i definisanju cilja organizacije. Pored toga, predstavljeni su i dominantni pojmovi (socijalistički humanizam i solidarnost) koji su činili osnovi konceptualni okvir kojim se rukovodio Crveni krst u socijalizmu. Pored toga, rad predstavlja i način na koji su se dominanti ideološki narativi socijalističke Jugoslavije manifestovali na delovanje Crvenog krsta. Glavni zaključak je da je Crveni krst u socijalističkoj Jugoslaviji produbio smisao i ideološki cilj, nastojeći da prevaziće okvir dobrovoljne humanitarne organizacije, kako je zamišljen u kapitalističkom kontekstu.
U radu je prikazan sadržaj temeljne kutije lijekova „Medicamenten-Kastens“ iz 1850. godine za niže vojne postrojbe po originalnom dokumentu bečke dvorske kancelarije, uz raspravu. Sadržavala je 8 utenzilija za menzuraciju, izdavanje i aplikaciju ljekovitih tvari te 28 supstanci u obliku 22 „simplicia“ i 4 „composita“ te 2 baze za pripravke lijekova. Topikalni dezinficijensi i hemostiptici, ekspektoransi, analgospazmolitici, emetici, purgativi i digestivi iz sadržaja ove mobilne vojne ljekarne bili su sastavnica ondašnjih farmakopeja, koje su bile proklamirane za područja Habsburške monarhije, pa tako i hrvatske krajeve.
Pars pro toto or Not? Fragmentacija i identitet u votivnoj kulturi ranog modernog doba
Stotine zavjetnih pločica na prostoru Boke Kotorske služe kao nosioci sjećanja na najraznovrsnije krizne trenutke u periodu 17. i 18. vijeka. Individualne nedaće poput bolesti, brodoloma ili zarobljeništva veoma često su bile dio kolektivnih katastrofa kakvi su bili epidemije, prirodne nepogode ili ratovi. Ovaj odnos patnje pojedinca i društva vizuelizovan je na malim srebrnim površinama specifičnim ikonografskim jezikom, veoma često izraženim u trojnoj strukturi prikaza koji sadrži figuru vjernika, figuru svete ličnosti i prikaz kriznog trenutka koji je prevaziđen. Šematizam i jednostavnost ovih formula omogućavali su da se na prostoru ograničenom malim dimenzijama elokventno prenese narativ o prevaziđenoj krizi. Osim omogućavanja kolektivnog pamćenja najtežih trenutaka u životu jedne zajednice, ovi skromni predmeti mogu pružiti bogat uvid u načine vizuelizacije identiteta njenih zamaljskih i nebeskih aktera. Način na koji su prikazivani ljudi i svete ličnosti u kontekstu krize razlikuje se od identitetskih oznaka prikaza istih ovih aktera u drugačijim kontekstima. Cilj ovog rada biće analiza prikaza vizuelizacije tijela vjernika i Bogorodice, interpretranih kroz prizmu dualizma subjekt-objekt. Bogorodičin lik bio je uobličen kroz raznovrsan spektar prikaza koji je obuhvatao varijacije od predmeta, kakvi su ikona ili medaljon, do naturalistički oblikovane figure. Isto tako, prikazi vjernika su varirali i obuhvatali niz formula od fragmentiranog dijela tijela, kakvi su torzo, grudi ili noga, do pune molitvene figure. U oba slučaja se izdvaja prikaz hibridnog rješenja vizuelizacije aktera ovih narativa u kome nije do kraja moguće razdvojiti binarizme subjekat-objekat, dio-cjelina, živo-neživo. U ovom radu akcenat će biti stavljen na neplodnost ontoloških podjela, onakvih kakve ih poznaje savremeni svijet, kao i na mogućnost prepoznavanja hibridnih identitetskih oznaka specifičnih za vizuelizaciju kriznih događaja u ranom modernom dobu.
Izgradnja originalnog i međunarodno standardizovanog sistema javnog zdravlja u Kraljevini Jugoslaviji
This paper analyzes the key processes involved in establishing the public health system in the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes (later the Kingdom of Yugoslavia), drawing upon existing scholarly studies and relevant archival sources. In the aftermath of World War I, the nascent state was confronted with numerous public health challenges. The establishment of the Ministry of Public Health marked the beginning of efforts to address these issues, as the Ministry assumed responsibilities over healthcare, medicine, veterinary medicine, pharmacy, and military health. This initiative included the enactment of necessary legal regulations, the creation of social medical institutions, and the regulation of medical personnel training, thereby laying the groundwork for a new approach to public health. The Ministry spearheaded reforms in the organization of health services, encompassing the establishment of new healthcare institutions, the creation of an innovative educational system, and the implementation of health programs and competencies designed to address both crisis situations and ongoing healthcare needs. Concurrently, the Ministry launched various preventive and social programs, as well as comprehensive health education initiatives, aimed at enhancing public awareness of hygiene and healthy behaviors. Additionally, significant efforts were made to establish enduring conditions for the integration of new scientific knowledge into daily life. All these programs were unified by a common ideological principle that posited that medicine, healthcare, and scientific advancements must serve the broader society, ensuring equal access for all community members. These initiatives were undertaken under the auspices of the Hygiene Department of the Ministry of Public Health, led by Dr. Andrija Štampar, an internationally recognized public health expert. The development of this public health system was further supported by professional and financial assistance from international organizations, including the Health Organization of the League of Nations and the Rockefeller Foundation. This collaborative effort resulted in the creation of a public health system that was both original and internationally standardized.
Sva prava zadržana (c) 2024 Acta historiae medicinae, stomatologiae, pharmaciae, medicinae veterinariae
LEČENJE BOTA KONJA SA RANOG OSMNAESTOG VEKA
Ovaj rad predstavlja kratak komentar o ranom modernom tretmanu zaraze konja obadom (verovatno Gasterophilus intestinalis). Škotski pisac i lekar Martin Martin (oko 1660-1718) beleži seosku gelsku praksu lečenja obolelih životinja upotrebom vode u kojoj su prethodno potopljeni belemniti iz perioda Jure, koji verovatno pripadaju rodu Megateuthis i koji su sakupljeni sa bajesijskih stena na istočnim obalama ostrva Skaj. Ovo sredstvo za lečenje je nešto izvanredno u rasponu medicinskih upotreba belemnita, a rezon iza toga nije jasan.
Veštačka inteligencija, transhumanizam i biopolitika
Veštačka inteligencija, transhumanizam i biopolitika: teorijski okviri u poslednje dve decenije Tematika veštačke inteligencije svoje korene “vuče” još iz 1920-ih, u kontekstu filozofije, književnosti, filma, nauke i njene popularizacije, a na značaju dobija u vreme Drugog svetskog rata i vezuje se za ličnost čuvenog Alana Tjuringa, njegova razmišljanja o pametnim mašinama, s jedne, i začetke upotrebe veštačke inteligencije u ratne svrhe, s druge strane. Odavno je AI predmet istraživanja antropologije i drugih društvenih nauka, pošto zalazi u sve sfere društvenog života i tiče se filozofskih i etičkih pitanja, pitanja struktura političke moći i upravljanja. Razvoj veštačke inteligencije otvorio je prostor za večito razmatranje o gradnji budućnosti čovečanstva te uloge čoveka i mašina u njoj. Pitanje razvoja AI odavno zaokuplja pisce naučne fantastike i filmske stvaraoce, a s rastom popularnosti ovog žanra i sve većim oslanjanjem običnog čoveka na digitalne tehnologije u svakodnevnom životu, i šire krugove populacije širom sveta. Istraživači iz sfere društvenih nauka mogu svojim aktivnim angažmanom pokušati da interpretiraju ovaj fenomen u nastojanju da daju mnoštvo mogućih vizija budućnosti čovečanstva, da ukažu na prednosti, mane i opasnosti vezane za pristup modernoj tehnologiji, u čijoj je osnovi sve više veštačka inteligencija, kako se sa njom živi i kako ona utiče na formiranje novih sistema vrednosti i transformiše samog čoveka. Na neki način, AI se može smatrati, pogotovo iz vizure šire populacije i pojedinih naučnika, među njima i antropologa, mogućnošću da se ostvari utopijski san o objektivnosti rezultata i metoda u širem smislu, lišenih uticaja politike, ideologije i struktura moći. AI može poslužiti kao sredstvo za oslobađanje od kontrole političkih i ekonomskih centara moći. Takođe, prema pojedinim naučnicima, AI može obezbediti privatnost i postepeno dovesti do transformacije postojećih modela političkog i ekonomskog poretka. S druge strane, neki autori stavljaju transhumanizam i ideje koje on zastupa pod lupu upravo zbog toga što on otvara mogućnost korišćenja AI kao sredstva biopolitike. Za pojedine, AI može postati sredstvo globalne kontrole ili predstavlja realizaciju straha da će se autonomna tehnologija u jednom trenutku obračunati sa čovečanstvom. Takvu bojazan vidimo kao motiv u književnosti i filmskoj umetnosti. Takođe, religiozni ljudi i oni sa nešto tradicionalnijim sistemom vrednosti smatraju da razvoj tehnologije i čovekova sve veća vezanost za nju, te neadekvatan odnos prema njoj, vode otuđenju, promeni odnosa među ljudima i urušavanju sistema vrednosti, koje su u dužem istorijskom periodu smatrane „poželjnim“ i na kojima se zasniva opstanak ljudskog društva kakvog poznajemo. Dakle, među ovim ljudima preovladava strah od nepoznatog i strepnja da, ako se dozvoli suviše slobode u procesu stalnog prevazilaženja prethodno postavljenih civilizacijskih i tehnoloških granica, može doći do obesmišljavanja postojanja i uloge čoveka u modernom svetu. Razvoj AI svakako dovodi do transformacija ljudskog društva i pojedinca u njemu. One mogu biti brze, nepoželjne, a društvo ih nekad ne može ispratiti na adekvatan način. S druge strane, one mogu doprineti napretku u sferi nauke, zdravstva, školstva, ekonomskog i infrastrukturnog razvoja, pomoći u rešavanju populacionih kriza, omogućiti produženje i olakšanje ljudskog života i sl. S obzirom na mnoštvo mogućih scenarija kad je reč o pitanju kojim putem razvoj AI može povesti čovečanstvo, samo ostaje da vreme pokaže do kojeg odredišta će nas taj razvoj odvesti.
Хабзбуршка политика контроле границе од ширења куге. Пример инструкција о здравственим питањима у 18. веку
U radu su analizirana dokumenta dvorske komisije za zdravstvena pitanja u Beču o merama za suzbijanje opasnosti od kuge na granici sa Osmanskim carstvom. Dokumenti se odnose na široko granično područje 30-tih godina 18. veka i obuhvataju istrukcije za unapređenje sanitarnog kordona, organizaciju kontumaca i raspoređivanje medicinskog osoblja. Mirnodopski period je značio novi način borbe države u odbacivanju rizika masovnog pomora stanovništva usled epidemija bolesti, čije uzroke tadašnja nauka još uvek nije poznavala. Postepeno prilagođavanje mehanizama odbrane od epidemija tokom veka trebalo je da dovede do boljeg predviđanja nivoa rizika i da se sanitarne mere u monarhiji, uz statističke procene, približe mehanizmima koji su postojali u drugim evropskim zemljama. Cilj ovog rada je da prikaže korake u uspostavljanju jedinstvenog mehanizma odbrane od kuge u različitim habzburškim pograničnim provincijama.
Prvi ravnatelji bečkog Jozefinuma - Ioannis Alexander von Brambilla i Franz Anton Brendel von Sternburg
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/> 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Name="Plain Table 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="43" Name="Plain Table 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="44" Name="Plain Table 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="45" Name="Plain Table 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="40" Name="Grid Table Light"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 3"/> 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Name="List Table 3 Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 6"/> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><!-- [if gte mso 10]> <![endif]--> On November 7, 1785, Emperor Joseph II opened a medical-surgical academy in Vienna named after him Josephinum for the academic training of surgeons and doctors. The first director of the academy was Ioannis Alexander von Brambilla (1728-1800), responsible for the academization of surgeon training, who organized numerous instruments and the Josephinum library. His successor was Franz Anton Brendel von Sternburg (1723-1803) who, in addition to his professional and teaching work at the academy, founded a foundation that lasted until the First World War. In addition to the above information, we have presented recent insights from their private lives and completed their famous biographies. The first two directors of the Josephinum worked at the time of the “first Viennese medical school”, which, with Enlightenment ideas, directly participated in the academization of surgery and the transformation of pre-modern medicine into modern medicine.
A Brief Look at The Disciplinary Issues on the Upper Rhine Front During the Nine Years’ War 1688-1697
The issue of discipline was very important for early modern armies. Considering the usual social background of soldiers, them being a surplus of the rural population, social outcasts, criminals who joined the army as a way to commute their sentences, or other “undesirables”, the discipline was very harsh, sometimes bordering on inhumane. On top of that, the harsh conditions of the 17th century warfare led to further brutalisation of soldiers, which in turn necessitated tighter control over them. In this paper, we will analyse the disciplinarian problems faced by the Imperial forces on the Rhine front during the Nine Year’s War (1688-1697), especially during the period of command of Prince Louis William, Margrave of Baden-Baden (1693-1697).